Sains Malaysiana 48(11)(2019): 2391–2403

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4811-10

Statistical Evaluation of Landfill Leachate System and Its Impact on Groundwater and Surface Water in Malaysia

(Penilaian Statistik Sistem Air Larut Resap Tapak Pelupusan Sampah dan Kesannya terhadap Air Bawah Tanah dan Air Permukaan di Malaysia)

TAWFIQ J.H. BANCH¹, MARLIA M. HANAFIAH^1,2*, ABBAS F.M. ALKARKHI³ & SALEM S. ABU AMR³

¹Center for Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL, MICET), 78000 Melaka, Malaysia

Received: 4 April 2019/Accepted: 15 August 2019

ABSTRACT

In this study, leachate collection and processing system in Ampar Tenang Closed Landfill (ATCL) and its impact on both groundwater and surface water was evaluated. Samples from three locations in leachate processing system (Collection, aeration and stabilization ponds), groundwater and surface water were collected and tested for twenty-one parameters covering nine heavy metals (Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cr2+, Cd2+, Pb+, As3+, Co2+ and Mn2+) and twelve physiochemical parameters (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and dissolved oxygen (DO). Correlation analysis for landfill leachate ponds, groundwater and surface water showed different patterns of relationships between all possible combinations of two parameters. Similarity and dissimilarity were studied through cluster analysis, three clusters were found to entirely separate the collection pond (cluster 1) while the two ponds were clustered with groundwater samples (cluster 2) and the third cluster is for the surface water. This study shows the benefit of statistical analysis such as correlation analysis and cluster analysis for evaluation and interpretation of landfill data to understand the behavior of the selected parameters and to have a clear picture about the pattern of the relationship for effective landfill management.

Keywords: Cluster analysis; correlation matrix; descriptive statistics; heavy metals; landfill site; leachate

ABSTRAK

Dalam kajian ini, sistem pengumpulan dan pemprosesan air larut resap di Tapak Pelupusan Tertutup Ampar Tenang (ATCL) dan kesannya terhadap air bawah tanah dan air permukaan telah dinilai. Sampel daripada tiga lokasi dalam sistem pemprosesan air larut resap (kolam pengumpulan, pengudaraan dan penstabilan), air bawah tanah dan air permukaan diperoleh dan diuji untuk dua puluh satu parameter iaitu sembilan jenis logam berat (Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cr2+, Cd2+, Pb+, As3+, Co2+ dan Mn2+) dan dua belas parameter fizikokimia (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, permintaan oksigen kimia (COD), permintaan oksigen biokimia (BOD), jumlah pepejal terlarut (TDS), jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS), konduktiviti elektrik (EC), pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) dan oksigen terlarut (DO)). Analisis korelasi untuk kolam air larut resap, air bawah tanah dan air permukaan menunjukkan corak hubungan yang berbeza antara semua kemungkinan gabungan dua parameter. Persamaan dan ketidaksetaraan dikaji melalui analisis kelompok dan tiga kelompok didapati memisahkan kolam pungutan sepenuhnya (kelompok 1) manakala dua kolam berkumpul dengan sampel air bawah tanah (kelompok 2) dan kelompok ketiga adalah untuk air permukaan. Analisis statistik seperti analisis korelasi dan analisis kelompok untuk penilaian dan pentafsiran data tapak pelupusan sampah dapat membantu dalam memahami ciri-ciri parameter terpilih dan untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang jelas mengenai corak perhubungan bagi pengurusan tapak pelupusan sampah yang berkesan.

Kata kunci: Air larut resap; analisis kelompok; logam berat; matriks korelasi; statistik diskriptif; tapak pelupusan sampah

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*Corresponding author; email: mhmarlia@ukm.edu.my