 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 49(7)(2020): 1533-1542
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4907-06
Effects of Humic Acids from
Different Sources on Sodium and Micronutrient Levels in Corn Plants
(Kesan Asid Humik daripada
Punca yang Berbeza ke atas Natrium dan Paras Mikronutrien dalam Tumbuhan
Jagung)
AYHAN
HORUZ*
Agriculture Faculty,
Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Ondokuzmayıs University,
Samsun, 55139, Turkey
Received: 10 May 2019/Accepted:
4 March 2020
ABSTRACT
The
use of activated humic acids (HAs) in agricultural applications is a relatively
recent development. Corn (Zea mays L.) is
a major food and silage crop in Turkey and yields are reduced in calcareous soils by
sodium (Na) toxicity and carbonate
(CO3) induced deficiencies of some micronutrients. In this
study, the effects of two HAs extracted using the wet-alkali technique and
activated with nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) gases, on the Na and micronutrient (iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn),
copper (Cu) and boron (B)) concentrations in the homogenised stems and leaves
of corn plants were investigated. The experiment was conducted with a
completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (2 HA types × 2
fertilisation regimes × 5 HA concentrations), with three repetitions, in a
calcareous soil in pots in a greenhouse. The humic acid was applied at 100,
200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of soil before sowing the corn seed. The variance
analysis showed that increasing HA levels decreased the Na concentration in the
corn plants. The lowest plant Na concentrations were obtained with the addition
of HA activated with N2 and O2 to both the fertilised and
unfertilised treatments. The highest Zn and Cu uptakes, and Fe, Mn, and B
uptakes, were associated with wet alkali extraction and gas activation,
respectively. Overall, HA extracted with N2/O2 was more
effective under unfertilised conditions and wet extracted HA was more effective
under fertilised conditions.
Keywords: Corn; humic acids; microelements; sodium
ABSTRAK
Penggunaan asid humik diaktifkan (HAs) dalam aplikasi
pertanian merupakan pembangunan terbaharu. Jagung (Zea mays L.) ialah makanan utama dan tanaman silaj di Turki dan penghasilannya telah
berkurang dalam media tanah berkapur disebabkan oleh ketoksikan natrium (Na)
dan karbonat (CO3) dengan kekurangan mikronutrien di dalam media tanah teraruh. Dalam kajian ini, kesan
penggunaan dua HA yang diekstraks menggunakan teknik basah-alkali dan diaktif
dengan gas N2 dan O2 telah dikaji ke atas kepekatan Na
dan mikronutrien (besi (Fe), mangan (Mn), zink (Zn), tembaga (Cu) dan boron
(B)) dalam batang dan daun tumbuhan jagung terhomogen. Reka bentuk uji
kaji ini dijalankan sepenuhnya secara rawak dengan susunan faktorial (2 jenis HA × 2 regim persenyawaan × 5 kepekatan HA), dengan
tiga ulangan, di dalam tanah berkapur di dalam pasu di rumah hijau. Asid humik
diaplikasikan pada 100, 200, 400 dan 800 mg/kg tanah sebelum penyemaian benih
jagung. Analisis varians menunjukkan bahawa peningkatan tahap HA akan menurunkan
kepekatan Na dalam tanaman jagung. Kepekatan Na yang terendah di dalam tanaman
telah diperoleh dengan penambahan HA yang diaktifkan dengan N2 dan O2 untuk kedua-dua rawatan yang telah disenyawakan dan tidak disenyawakan.
Pengambilan tertinggi Zn dan Cu, serta pengambilan Fe, Mn dan B, masing-masing
dikaitkan dengan pengekstrakan alkali basah dan pengaktifan gas. Secara
keseluruhannya, HA yang diekstrak dengan N2/O2 lebih
berkesan di bawah keadaan yang tidak tersenyawa dan HA yang diekstrak secara
basah adalah lebih berkesan di bawah keadaan yang tersenyawa.
Kata
kunci: Asid humik; jagung; mikrounsur;
natrium
REFERENCES
Akıncı, Ş. 2011. Humic acids, plant growth and nutrient
uptake. Journal of Science of Marmara
University 23(1): 46‐56.
Andriesse, J.P. 1988. Nature
and Management of Tropical Peat Soils. FAO Soils Bulletin No. 59. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations in Roma.
Asri, F.Ö., Demirtaş, E.I. & Ari, N. 2016. The influence of foliar humic acid
applications on nutrition status, yield and quality in open tomato growing. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 29(1): 21-25.
Baigorri, R., Fuentes, M.,
González-Gaitano, G., García-Mina, J.M., Almendros, G. &
González-Vila, F.J. 2009. Complementary multianalytical approach to study
the distinctive structural features of the main humic fractions in solution:
Gray humic acid, brown humic acid, and fulvic acid. Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57(8): 3266-3272.
Bouyoucos, G.J. 1951. A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making
mechanical analysis of soil. Agronomy Journal 43(9): 434-438.
Boyle, M.,
Frakenburger, W.T. & Stolyz, L.H. 1989. The influence of organic matter on
soil aggregation and water infiltration. Journal
of Production Agriculture 2(4): 290-299.
Butuzova, L., Krzton,
A. & Bazarova, O. 1998. Structure and properties of humic acids obtained
from thermo-oxidized brown coal. Fuel 77(6): 581-584.
Chen, Y., Clapp, C.E.,
Magen, H. & Cline, V.W. 1999. Stimulation of plant growth by humic
substances: Effects on iron availability. In Understanding Humic Substances:
Advanced Methods, Properties and Applications, edited by Ghabbour, E.A.
& Davies, G. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 255-263.
Cheryl, M., Grossl, P.
& Bugbee, B. 2001. Beneficial effects of humic acid on micronutrient
availability to wheat. Soil Science Society
of American Journal 65(6): 1744-1750.
Çelik, H., Katkat,
A.V. & Turan, M.A. 2010. Effect of
foliar-applied humic acid to dry weight and mineral nutrient uptake of maize
under calcareous soil conditions. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 42(1): 29-38.
David, P.P., Nelson, P.V. & Sanders, D.C.
1994. A humic acid improves growth of tomato seedling in solution culture. Journal of Plant Nutrition 17(1):
173-184.
Denre, M., Ghanti, S. & Sarkar, K. 2014.
Effect of humic acid application on accumulation of mineral nutrition and
pungency in garlic (Allium sativum L.). International Journal of Biotechnology Research 5(2): 7-12.
Ekinci, M., Eringü, A., Dursun, A., Yıldırım, E., Turan,
M., Karaman, M.R. & Arjumend, T. 2015. Growth, yield, and calcium and boron
uptake of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as affected by calcium
and boron humate application in greenhouse conditions. Turkish
Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 39(5): 613-632.
Eyüpoğlu, F.
1998. Turkey’s Land Vermiculite. Soil Fertilizer Research Institute, No:
220. Ankara: General Publication of Institute.
Ferrara, G., Pacifigo, A., Simeone, P. &
Ferrara, E. 2007. Preliminary study on the effects of foliar applications of
humic acids on Italia table grape. XXXth World Congress of Vine and Wine:
Budapest, Romania June. p. 165.
Fontenelli, J.V., Da Silva, T.J.A.,
Bonfim-Silva, E.M. & Freitas Sousa, H.H.E. 2016. Soil moisture maintenance
methods in cultivation in a greenhouse. African Journal of Agricultural Research 11(5): 317-323.
Garcia-Mina, J.M.,
Antolin, M.C. & Sanchez- Diaz, M. 2004. Metal - humic complexes and plant
micronutrient uptake. Plant and Soil 258(1): 57-68.
Gezgin, S. & Hamurcu, M. 2006. The
importance of the nutrient element interaction and the interactions between
boron wıth the other nutrıent elements in plant nutrition. Selcuk University, Journal of
Agricultural Faculty 20(39): 24-31.
Ghabbour, E.A. & Davies, G. 2001. Humic
Substances: Structures, Models and Functions. Cambridge: The Royal Society
of Chemistry Publications.
Grewal, K.S., Buchan, G.D. & Tonkin, P.J.
1990. Estimation of field capacity and wilting point of some New Zealand soils
from their saturation percentages. New
Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 18(4): 241-246.
Horuz, A., Korkmaz, A.
& Karaman, M.R. 2013. Response of paddy soils to silicon fertilization. Tarım
Bilimleri Dergisi 19(4): 268-280.
Jones, J.B.J. 2001. Laboratory
Guide for Conducting Soil Tests and Plant Analysis. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Kacar, B. 2009. Plant
and Soil Chemical Analysis III. Soil Analysis. Nobel Publication No: 1387. p. 467.
Kacar, B. 1984. Plant
Nutrition Practice Guide. Turkey: Agricultural Faculty Publications of Ankara
University.
Kacar, B. & Katkat V.
2009. Plant Nutrition. Nobel Publications.
Kacar, B. &
İnal, A. 2008. Plant Analysis. Stockholm: Nobel Press.
Khaled, K. & Fawy,
A.H. 2011. Effect of different levels of humic acids on the nutrient content,
plant growth, and soil properties under conditions of salinity. Soil & Water Research 6(1): 21-29.
Labuschagne, P., Eicker, A.
& Van Greuning, M. 1995. Casing mediums for Agaricus
bisporus cultivation in South Africa: A preliminary report. Mushroom Science XIV, Science and
Cultivation of Edible Fungi, Balkema Rotterdam 1: 339-334.
Lobartini, J.C., Orioli, G.A. & Tan, K.H. 1997.
Characteristics of soil humic acid fractions separated by ultrafiltration. Communications in Soil Science and Plant
Analysis 28(9-10): 787-796.
Manas, P.,
Bandopadhyay, P.K., Chakrovarty, A. & Bhattacharya, A. 2014. Effect of
foliar application of humic acid, zinc, and boron on biochemical changes
related to productivity of pungent (Capsivum
annuum L.). African Journal of Plant Science 8(6):
320-335.
Manzoor, A., Khattak, R.A. & Dost, M. 2014. Humic
acid and micronutrient effects on wheat yield and nutrients uptake in salt
affected soils. International Journal of
Agriculture and Biology 16(5): 991-995.
Masciandaro, G., Ceccanti, B., Ronchi, V., Benedicto, S. & Howard, L.
2002. Humic substances to reduce salt effect on plant germination and
growth. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 33(3-4): 365-378.
Pettit, R.E. 2004. Organic
Matter, Humus, Humate, Humic Acid, Fulvic Acid and Humin: Their Importance in
Soil Fertility and Plant Health. www.humate.info/mainpage.html.
Roth, G., Undersander, D., Allen,
M., Ford, S., Harrison, J. & Hunt, C. 1995. Corn Silage Production, Management, and Feeding. American Society
of Agronomy/Crop Science Society of America/Soil Science Society of America,
Madison, WI.
Russo, R.O. & Berlyn, G.P. 1990. The use of
organic biostimulants to help low input sustainable agriculture. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 1(2):
19-42.
Saruhan, V., Kusvuran, A. & Babat, S. 2011a. The
effect of different humic acid fertilization on yield and yield components
performances of common millet (Panicum
miliaceum L.). Scientific Research and Essays 6(3):
663-669.
Saruhan, V.,
Kuşvuran, A. & Kökten, K. 2011b. The effect of different replications
of humic acid fertilization on yield performances of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). African
Journal of Biotechnology 10(29): 5587-5592.
Schnitzer, M. 1992.
Significance of soil organic matter in soil formation, transport processes in
soils and in the formation of soil structure. Soil Utilization and Soil Fertility 206(4): 63-81.
Sharif, M., Khattak,
R. & Sarir, M.S. 2002. Effect of different levels of lignitic coal derived
humic acid on growth of maize plants. Communications
in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 33(19-20): 3567-3580.
Soil Survey Laboratory.
1992. Procedures for Collecting Soil Samples and Methods of Analysis for
Soil Survey. Soil Survev. Invest. Rep. Washington D.C: US Government
Printing Office.
Soil Survey Staff.
1993. Soil Survey Manuel. USDA
Handbook (No. 18). Washington.
Sözüdoğru, S.,
Kütük, A.C., Yalçın, R. & Usta, S. 1996. Scientific Research and
Examinations. Effect of humic acid on growth and nutrient uptake of bean
plant. (No. 800). Ankara: Agricultural Faculty Publications.
Tan, K.G. 1998. Principles
of Soil Chemistry. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Tombacz, E. & Rice, J.A. 1999. Changes of colloidal state in aqueous systems of humic acids. In. Understanding Humic Subtances. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing. pp. 69-78. Turan, M. & Horuz, A. 2012. Basic
principles of plant nutrition. In Plant Nutrition. Healthy Plant, Healthy
Production. 1.
Turan, M. & Horuz, A. 2012.
Bitki beslemenin temel ilkeleri. In Bitki
Besleme (Plant Nutrition), edited Karaman, M.R. Ankara: Pelin Ofset
Publication. pp: 123-347.
Yıldırım,
E. 2007. Foliar and soil fertilization of humic acid affect productivity and
quality of tomato. Acta Agriculturae
Scandinavica Section B-Soil Plant Science 57(2): 182-186.
Yingei, W. 1988. HA
resin treatment of copper and nickel. Haunjing
Bashu 7: 21-22.
*Corresponding author;
email: ayhanh@omu.edu.tr
|
|||
|
