The
Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 10 No 1
(2006): 169 - 176
KANDUNGAN ANION DAN KATION DALAM ZARAHAN TERMENDAP
DI SEKITAR SERDANG, SELANGOR
Norela Sulaiman1,
Mohd Rozali Othman2
1Program Sains Sekitaran, Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber
Alam
2Program Kimia, Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan
Fakulti Sains dan
Teknologi
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor
Abstract.
Anion and cation in dustfall
was studied at nineteen sampling stations in the vicinity of Serdang, Selangor. Sampling of dustfall
was carried out for a year from March 1998 until February 1999. Anions studied
were nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-),
and chloride (Cl-), while cations studied were
ammonium (NH4+), potassium (K+),
magnesium (Mg2+) and calcium (Ca2+). Anion and cation in the dustfall
were analysed using colorimetric methods and atomic absorbtion spectrophotometer. Results showed that SO42-
is the highest concentration among anions while NH4+ is
the highest concentration among cations studied.
Keywords: dustfall, anion, cation
References
1. Stern, A.C., Boubel,
R.W., Turner, D.B. & Fox, D.L. 1984. Fundamental of air
pollution. Ed. Ke-2. Orlando: Academic Press,
Inc.
2. Wayne, G.L. & Ming-Ho, Y. 1995. Introduction to environmental Toxicology. Impacts
of chemicals upon ecological systems. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers.
3. Nicholson, K.W., Branson, J.R. & Giess, P. 1991. Field measurements of the
below-cloud scavenging of particulate material. Atmos. Environ.
25:771-777.
4. Tanner, P.A. & Wong, Y.S. 1997.
Atmospheric gases, particulates and rainfall concentrations during summer rain
events. Intern. J. Environ. Anal.
Chem. 67: 185-202.
5. Sham S. 1976a. Notes on dustfall in and around Batu
Caves, Selangor. Malayan Nature J. 29:168-175.
6. Sham, S. 1976b. Spatial
distribution of dustfall concentration around Batu Caves, Selangor. Sains
Malaysiana, 5(1), 39-48.
7. Vallack, H.W.
2000. Monitoring dust deposition in the vicinity of Drax power Station, North Yorkshire from January to
December 1999. Laporan Stockholm Environment Institute at York, Universiti
of York untuk Department of environmental Services,
Selby district council.
8. Galloway, J. N., Thornton, J.D., Norton,
S.A., Volchok, H.L. & McLean, R.A. 1982. Trace
metals in atmospheric deposition: a review and assessment. Atmos. Environ. 16:
1677-1700.
9. Jickells, T.C.,
Knap, A.H., Church, T.M.., Galloway, J.N. & Miller, J.M.
1982. Acid precipitation on Bermuda. Nature. 297:55.
10. Zailina, H., Shairah, Z., Azman, Z.A. & Lim,
S.F. 1999. Hujan asid dan implikasinya terhadap kesihatan. Akademika. 51: 66-75.
11. Daizhou, Z. & Yasunobu, I. 1999. Nitrate and sulfate in individual Asian
dust-storm particles in Beijing, China in spring of 1995 and 1996. Atmos.
Environ. 33:3213-3223.
12. Lodge, J.P. 1991. Methods
of air sampling and analysis. Ed. ke-3. Cetakan kelima. Chelsea: Lewis Publishers Inc.: hlm 440-445
13.
Department of Environment (DOE).1991. Environment quality report, 1990. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of
Science, Technology and Environment, Malaysia.
14. Stern, A.C. 1976. Air
Pollution. Air Pollutants, Their Transformation and Tranport. Edisi ketiga. Volume
I. Academic Press. London. Hlm. 139-142.
15. ASTM 1982. Standard method
for collection and analysis for dustfall (seattleable particulate). ASTM
D-1739-82. Annual books of ASTM Standard vol. 1103.
America Society for Testing and Materials.
Philadelphia.
16. Hach Company 1997. DR/2010 Spectrofotometer instrument
manual. Colorado: Hach Company.
17.
APHA 1995. Standard methods for the examination of water and
waste water. Ed. Ke 19. Washington: American
Public Health Association, AWWA, MPCF.
18. Mohd Talib Hj. Latif dan Mohd Rozali Othman,
1999: Pemendapan zarahan di kawasan penindustrian Air Keruh (Melaka) dan Teluk Kalung
(Terengganu), Malays. J. Anal. Sci., 5(1): 137 - 146.
19. Leong, C.P., Lim, S.F. Lim, J.T., 1988.
Report on Rain Acidity Analysis based on data from the National Acid Rain
Monitoring Network. Malaysian Meteorological Service.
20. Gerhardsson, L., Oskarsson, A. & Skerfving, S.
1994. Acid precipitation – effects on trace element and human health. Sci.
Total Environ. 153:237 245.
21. Howells, G. 1995. Acid rain
and acid waters. Second edition. Ellis Horwood Limited. 258 ms.
22.
Baez, A.P., Belmont,
R.D. & Padilla, H.G.
1997. Chemical composition of
precipitation at two sampling sites in Mexico: a 7-years
study. Atmos. Environ. 31:915-925.
23. Gimeno, L. Sanchez,
M., Harnandez, E. & Cana, L. 1997. Time trends and seasonal variation of the rainwater chemical
composition in Spain. J. Air and waste Manage. Assoc. 47:811-815.
24.
Harrison, R.M., Jones, M. & Collins, G. 1999a. Measurements
of the physical properties of particles in the urban atmosphere. Atmos.
Environ. 33: 309-321.
25. Harrison, R.M.,
Shi, J.P. & Jones,
M.R. 1999b. Continuous measurements
of aerosol physical properties in the urban atmosphere.
Atmos. Environ. 33: 1037-1047.
26. Della
Lucia, M., Marchetto, A., Mosello,
R. & Tartari, G.A. 1996. Studies on chemical gradient of atmospheric deposition from the Po
Valley to the Alps. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 87:171 187.
27. Lim, B., Jickells,
T.D. & Davies, T.D. 1991. Sequential sampling of
particles, major ions and total trace metals in wet deposition. Atmos.Environ. 25:745-762.
28. Roy, M.H. & Casimiro,
A. 1983. A comparative study of the ionic composition of rainwater and
atmospheric aerosols: implications for the mechanism of acidification of
rainwater. Atmos. Environ. 17(12): 2539-2543.
29.
Plaisane, H., Galloo, J.C. & Guillermo, R. 1997. Source
identification and variation in the chemical composition at two site in France. Sci. Total Environ. 206:79-93
30. Schwikowski, M.,
Seibert, P., Baltensperger, U. & Gageler, H.W. 1995. A study of an outstanding saharan dust event at the
high-Alpine site jungfraujoch, Switzerland. Atmos.
Environ. 29:1829-1842.
31. Majlis Daerah Hulu Langat, 1999. Senarai Kilang Di Sekitar Bandar Baru Bangi. Tidak diterbitkan.
32. Majlis Daerah Sri Petaling ,
1999. Senarai Kilang Di Serdang. Tidak diterbitkan.
33. Gras, 1983. Ammonia and
ammonium concentrations in the Antartic atmosphere.
Atmos. Environ. 17(4):815-818.
34.
Kasper-Giebi, A. & Puxbaum,
H. 1999. Deposition of particulate matter in diffusion tube samplers for the
determination of NO2 and SO2. Atmos. Environ. 33:1323-1326.
35.
Slinn, W.G.N. 1983. In air-sea
exchange of gases and particles. Pynt.Liss,
P.S. & Slinn, W.G.N. Reidel:Dordrech. 299-405 ms.
36. Baez, A.P., Belmont, R. & Padilla, G.H.
1993. Variation of chemical composition of wet precipitation, using a
sequential sampling: urban-rural areas comparison. Atmosfera 6:163 174.
37. Baez, A.P. & Belmont, R. 1987. Comparative study of the chemical composition of rain of three
different zones in Mexico. Contam. Ambient. 3:25-36.
38. Andreae, M.O. &
Raemdonck, H. 1983. Dimethyl
sulphide in the surface ocean and the marine
atmosphere: a global view. Science 221:744 747.
39.
WHO. 1996. Garis
panduan kualiti air minuman. Terj. Shahabudin, M., Hasimah, T.A. & Mohd. Asri, M.N. Skudai: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.