Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 19 No
1 (2015): 106 – 117
SYNTHESIS AND LUBRICITY
PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF BRANCHED DICARBOXYLATE ESTERS BASED LUBRICANT
(Sintesis
dan Analisis Ciri-Ciri Kepelinciran Pelincir Berasaskan Ester Dikarboksilat
Bercabang)
Waled Abdo Ahmed,
Ambar Yarmo, Nadia Salih, Mohd Darfizzi Derawi, Muhammad
Rahimi Yusop,
Jumat Salimon*
School
of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology,
Faculty
of Science and Technology,
Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: jumat@ukm.edu.my
Abstract
The new dicarboxylate esters offer many of the advantages of lubrication
such as high viscosity indices, good low temperature properties and good
oxidative stability. In addition, they can be used as additive in lubricant to
improve low temperature properties. Six branched dicarboxylate esters with
different chemical structures were synthesized and tested in terms of their
suitability as lubricants. The esterification reaction was carried out using a
Dean Stark distillation method. Fourier transformation infra-red (FTIR); proton
and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR),
and elemental analysis were used to verify the chemical structure of
synthesized dicarboxylate esters. The results showed that the esters of
dicarboxylate based on 2-ethyl-1-hexanol had very good low temperature
properties with pour point values at -58oC for di-2-ethyhexyl
dodecanedioate (D2EHD) and less than -60 oC of di-2-ethyhexyl
azelate (D2EHAz) and di-2-ethyhexyl suberate (D2EHSub). The viscosity index
(VI) of all dicarboxylate esters indicated high values at the range of 178 to 216.
The oxidative temperature (OT) of di-2-ethybutyl dodecanedioate (D2EBD) gave
the highest value at 216 oC and di-2-ethyhexyl dodecanedioate
(D2EHD) showed the highest flash point value at 200 oC. The
tribological study showed that all dicarboxylate esters were non-Newtonian
fluids types and has showed boundary lubrication with low coefficient of
friction (COF) at 40 oC and 100 oC. In general, the
results indicate that all dicarboxylate esters can be used as base oil for
biolubricants.
Keywords: pour point, viscosity index, oxidative
stability, boundary lubricant
Abstrak
Ester dikarboksilat baru menawarkan banyak kelebihan
pelinciran seperti indeks kelikatan yang tinggi, sifat suhu rendah dan
kestabilan oksidatif yang baik. Di samping itu ia boleh digunakan sebagai bahan
tambah dalam minyak pelincir untuk memperbaiki sifat-sifat suhu rendah. Enam
jenis ester dikarboksilat bercabang dengan struktur kimia yang berlainan telah
disintesis dan diuji dari segi kesesuaiannya sebagai biopelincir. Proses pengesteran
telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan kaedah penyulingan Dean Stark. Spektroskopi
inframerah transformasi fourier (FTIR), resonans magnetik nuklear (1H-NMR
dan 13C NMR) dan analisis unsur telah digunakan untuk mengesahkan
struktur kimia ester dikarboksilat yang disintesis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan
bahawa ester asid dikarbosilat dengan 2-etil-1-heksanol mempunyai sifat-sifat
suhu rendah yang sangat baik dengan nilai takat tuang pada suhu -58 oC
bagi di-2-etilheksil dodekanedioat (D2EHD) dan kurang daripada suhu -60 oC
bagi di-2-etilheksil azelat (D2EHAz) dan di-2-etilheksil suberat (D2EHSub).
Indeks kelikatan (VI) bagi semua ester dikarboksilat menunjukkan nilai yang
tinggi pada julat 178 - 216. Suhu oksidatif (OT) di-2-etilbutil dodekanedioat
(D2EBD) menunjukkan nilai tertinggi pada 216 oC sementara
di-2-etilheksil dodekanedioat (D2EHD) menunjukkan takat kilat tertinggi pada
200 oC. Kajian tribologi menunjukkan kesemua ester dikarboksilat
adalah cecair bukan Newton dan mempunyai kepelinciran sempadan dengan koefisien
geseran (COF) yang rendah pada suhu 40 oC dan 100 oC.
Secara umum, keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa semua ester dikarboksilat
tersebut boleh digunakan sebagai minyak asas biopelincir.
Kata
kunci:
takat tuang, indeks kelikatan, kestabilan oksidatif, kepelinciran sempadan
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