Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 19 No 1 (2015): 275 - 283

 

 

 

FORMULATION AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROEMULSIONS BASED CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE AS VITAMIN C CARRIER

 

(Formulasi dan Sifat Fizikal Mikroemulsi Berasaskan Karboksimetil Selulosa sebagai Pembawa Vitamin C)

 

Suria Ramli¹*, Safiah Mohd Ja’afar¹, Muhd Asri Abd Sisak¹, Norhidayu Zainuddin¹, Irman Abdul Rahman²

 

¹School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology,

²School of Applied Physics,

Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: su_ramli@ukm.edu.my

 

 

Abstract

The main purpose of this research is to develop a cellulose derivative based microemulsion for transdermal delivery system. In this research, cellulose derivative used is carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) that was converted from cellulose by etherification reaction and analysed by FTIR instrument. The degree of substitution (DS) for carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.492. Microemulsion system consists of oleic acid as oil phase, Tween 20 as surfactant and propylene glycol as co-surfactant. The active ingredient used in this system is vitamin C. Determination of microemulsion area in the ternary phase diagram was done by titration method. From the result, microemulsion system with surfactant/co-surfactant ratio (K_m=3:1) produced the largest surface area in the ternary phase diagram. Microemulsions with and without vitamin C and CMC were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrical conductivity and rheometer. For size particle analysis, system without vitamin C and CMC have microemulsion droplet size between 20-200 nm. Based on the electrical conductivity and viscosity test, phase transition occurred in the microemulsion system from water-in-oil (w/o) to bicontinuos phase at 20 wt. % water percentage. The stability test showed microemulsion systems with the percentage of water up to 30 wt. % were stable at temperatures 4 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C upon three weeks storage.

 

Keywords: microemulsions, carboxymethyl cellulose, vitamin C, ternary phase diagram

 

Abstrak

Tujuan penyelidikan ini dijalankan adalah untuk menghasilkan sistem mikroemulsi berasaskan terbitan selulosa bagi sistem penghantaran transdermal. Dalam kajian ini, terbitan selulosa yang digunakan dalam sistem mikroemulsi adalah karboksimetil selulosa (CMC) yang dihasilkan melalui tindak balas pengeteran selulosa dan dicirikan menggunakan instrumen FTIR. Darjah penggantian (DS) bagi selulosa karboksimetil adalah sebanyak 0.492. Penghasilan sistem mikroemulsi pula terdiri daripada asid oleik sebagai fasa minyak, Tween 20 sebagai surfaktan dan propilena glikol sebagai ko-surfaktan. Bahan aktif yang dimuat dalam sistem mikroemulsi adalah vitamin C. Rajah fasa ternari dibina bagi menentukan rantau pembentukan mikroemulsi dengan menggunakan kaedah penitratan air. Hasil kajian menunjukkan sistem mikroemulsi dengan nisbah surfaktan/ko-surfaktan (K_m=3.1) membentuk rantau mikroemulsi yang paling luas dalam rajah fasa ternari. Mikroemulsi dengan dan tanpa vitamin C dan CMC telah dicirikan menggunakan serakan cahaya dinamik (DLS), konduktiviti elektrik dan reometer. Bagi analisis saiz partikel, sistem tanpa penambahan vitamin C dan CMC berada dalam sistem julat mikroemulsi iaitu antara 20-200 nm. Ujian konduktiviti dan kelikatan menunjukkan terdapat perubahan fasa mikroemulsi daripada fasa air-dalam-minyak (w/o) kepada fasa dwiselanjar pada peratusan air 20 wt. %. Mikroemulsi yang dihasilkan bagi keempat-empat sistem kekal jernih dan stabil selama tiga minggu pada peratusan air sehingga 30 wt. % pada suhu 4 °C, 25 °C dan 40 °C.

 

Kata kunci: mikroemulsi, karboksimetil selulosa, vitamin C, rajah fasa ternari

 

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