Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 19 No 4
(2015): 896 - 903
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IN RELATION TO URBAN PLANNING AND HUMAN PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY
(Perkaitan
antara Kesihatan Persekitaran dengan Perancangan Bandar dan Aktiviti Fizikal
Manusia)
Oliver Ling Hoon Leh*, Siti Nur Afiqah Mohamed
Musthafa, Dasimah Omar
Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying,
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM),
Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: oliverling.my@gmail.com
Received:
23 November 2014; Accepted: 27 June 2015
Abstract
The world is changing everyday in a fast
pace that makes majority of the urbanized areas becoming more congested and
polluted by the development. The planning of the urban world has brought about
a great impact towards the environment and health. With the large number of
human population, urban areas will have various kinds of activities that
contributed to the higher rate of pollutants compared to areas with less
development. In a car oriented urban development pattern, majority of the
population will choose automobiles as their transportation modes rather than
walking or cycling. Due to that, the air emission in urban areas will increase
rapidly, and reduce the physical activity. Air pollutants contribute to various
health problems, especially respiratory infection. Besides, lacking of physical
activities also increase the health risk. However, there is limited study on
the relationship between urban land use setting and health in developing
country. Thus, a study had been carried out to establish the relationship
between urban setting and human health. It involved air quality data
collection, observation on land use setting, and questionnaire survey on human
health and the lifestyle. Findings from the relationship analysis had been
discussed with suitable recommendation and conclusion.
Keyword: air quality,
health, neighborhood design, physical activity, urban areas
Abstrak
Perubahan pembangunan dunia yang kian
pesat kearah kemajuan masa hadapan telah menyebabkan permasalahan kesesakan dan
pencemaran. Pembangunan bandar memberi kesan yang besar keatas persekitaran dan
kesihatan. Penambahan populasi manusia di kawasan bandar menyebabkan kadar
pencemaran meningkat lebih tinggi berbanding dengan kawasan kurang membangun.
Dalam era pembangunan bandar yang berorientasikan kenderaan ini, penduduk
cenderung memilih kenderaan sebagai mod pengangkutan mereka berbanding berjalan
kaki mahupun berbasikal. Dari segi kesannya, pencemaran udara kian menjadi-jadi
berlakunya dan manusia semakin kurang dalam melakukan aktiviti fizikal.
Pencemaran udara menyebabkan pelbagai masalah kesihatan seperti jangkitan
pernafasan. Kekurangan aktiviti fizikal juga meningkatkan risiko kesihatan.
Walau bagaimanapun, kajian adalah terhad dalam bidang perkaitan di antara guna
tanah dan kesihatan terutamanya dalam negara sedang membangun. Oleh yang
demikian, kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengenalpasti perkaitan di antara
pembangunan bandar dan kesihatan manusia. Kajian ini meliputi data kualiti
udara, pemerhatian guna tanah dan soal selidik terhadap tahap kesihatan dan
gaya hidup penduduk. Hasil kajian telah dibincang berserta dengan cadangan dan
rumusan.
Kata
kunci: kualiti
udara, kesihatan, rekabentuk kejiranan, activiti fizikal, kawasan bandar
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