Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 19 No 5 (2015): 979 - 990

 

 

 

THE INFLUENCE OF TIDAL ACTIVITIES ON WATER QUALITY OF PAKA RIVER TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA

 

(Pengaruh Aktiviti Pasang Surut Kepada Kualiti Air Sungai Paka Terengganu, Malaysia)

 

Mohd Ekhwan Toriman^1,2, Muhammad Barzani Gasim¹*, Haniff Muhamad¹

 

¹East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI),

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

²School of Social, Development and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM  Bangi,  Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: drbarzani@gmail.com

 

 

Received: 14 April 2015; Accepted: 9 July 2015

 

 

Abstract

A study to determine the water quality at seven stations was carried out on the Paka River, Terengganu between two tides. Sampling begins from the estuary of the Paka River, and ended about 14 km from the mouth by a distance 2 km for each station. Sampling was carried out between two tides (high and low tides) and within two variations of time representing the first sampling (wet period) and the second sampling (dries period). Water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, salinity, pH and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured directly in the field using multiparameter the YSI 556. Analysis of sodium, magnesium sulfate was carried out according to the APHA and HACH methods. Determination of primary data and physicochemical characteristics of the River Paka are measured and analyzed for each sampling station. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, salinity, electrical conductivity, sodium, and magnesium sulphate concentration were used to determine its relationship of the movement of tides and other factors that affect water quality. Station 1 shows the highest reading physicochemical parameters than station 7 during the first and second samplings. The higher reading most of physicochemical parameters was also observed during the dry season, this is because the river flow from upstream was decline due to low rainfall intensity.

 

Keywords: Paka River, monsoon season, water quality parameter, sea water intrusion

 

Abstrak

Satu kajian penentuan kualiti air di tujuh stesen pensampelan telah dijalankan di Sungai Paka, Terengganu di antara  keadaan laut pasang dan surut. Persampelan bermula dari muara Sungai Paka, dan berakhir kira-kira 14 km dari muara berdasarkan jarak 2 km setiap stesen. Persampelan telah dijalankan berdasarkan keadaan pasang surut (air laut pasang dan air surut) dalam dua variasi masa yang mewakili pensampelan pertama (tempoh basah) dan persampelan kedua (tempoh kering). Parameter kualiti air seperti suhu, oksigen terlarut, kekonduksian, kemasinan, pH dan jumlah pepejal terlarut (TDS) diukur langsung di lapangan dengan menggunakan multiparameter YSI 556. Analisis bagi natrium, magnesium sulfat telah dijalankan mengikut kaedah APHA dan HACH. Penentuan data primer dan ciri-ciri fizikokimia Sungai Paka diukur dan dianalisis bagi setiap stesen persampelan. Parameter fizikokimia yang terdiri daripada suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut, jumlah pepejal terlarut, kemasinan, kekonduksian elektrik, natrium, kepekatan sulfat dan magnesium telah digunakan bagi menentukan hubungannya dengan pergerakan air laut dan faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi kualiti air. Stesen 1 menunjukkan bacaan tertinggi parameter fizikokimia tertinggi berbanding stesen 7bagi kebanyakan parameter fizikokimia semasa pasang dan surut dalam pensampelan pertama dan kedua. Bacaan yang lebih tinggi bagi kebanyakan parameter fizikokimia juga ditunjukkan semasa musim kering, ini adalah kerana aliran sungai dari hulu menurun disebabkan keamatan hujan yang rendah.

 

Kata kunci: Sungai Paka, musim tengkujuh, parameter kualiti air, intrusi air laut

 

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