Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 5 (2018): 839 - 850

DOI: 10.17576/mjas-2018-2205-11

 

 

 

CHITOSAN-BASED ADSORBENTS FOR THE REMOVAL OF METAL IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

 

(Bahan Penjerap Berasaskan Kitosan untuk Penyingkiran Ion Logam dari Larutan Akueus)

 

Zetty Azalea Sutirman¹, Mohd Marsin Sanagi^1,2*, Khairil Juhanni Abd Karim¹, Ahmedy Abu Naim¹, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim^1,2

 

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science

²Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  marsin@kimia.fs.utm.my

 

 

Received: 16 April 2017; Accepted: 7 March 2018

 

 

Abstract

Wastewater containing heavy metal ions is one of the most serious environmental concerns. Exposure to elevated levels of heavy metals can adversely affect water resources, endangering the ecosystems and human health. Among the various treatment technologies, adsorption using biopolymer seems a promising alternative method. Chitosan is a natural polymer produced from chitin with excellent properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. Moreover, chitosan is known as an effective sorbent due to the presence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules which can serve as attachment sites towards metal ions. Recently, chitosan derivatives as metal ion sorbents have gained considerable attention. These derivatives are prepared by either physical or chemical modifications or both in order to improve chitosan properties in adsorption. This paper discusses recent developments in the modifications of chitosan and the application of the derived materials in the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. The mechanisms of adsorption, metal sorption capacities, effect of pH, isotherm and kinetic models are also described.

 

Keywords:  chitosan, modification, sorption, metal ions

 

Abstrak

Air sisa yang mengandungi logam berat merupakan salah satu isu alam sekitar yang serius. Pendedahan yang tidak terkawal kepada logam berat boleh menyebabkan kesan negatif terhadap sumber air, membahayakan ekosistem dan kesihatan manusia. Di antara pelbagai teknologi rawatan, penjerapan menggunakan biopolimer menunjukkan kaedah alternatif yang menjaminkan. Kitosan ialah polimer semula jadi yang dihasilkan daripada kitin dengan ciri-ciri seperti biokompatibiliti, biopenguraian dan bukan toksik. Tambahan pula, kitosan dikenali sebagai penjerap yang efektif kerana mempunyai kumpulan amina dan hidrosil dalam molekulnya yang bertindak sebagai tapak penghubung terhadap ion logam. Baru-baru ini, derivatif kitosan sebagai penjerap ion logam telah menerima perhatian yang luas. Derivatif-derivatif ini dihasilkan sama ada melalui pengubahsuaian fizikal atau kimia atau kedua-duanya untuk menambah baik ciri-ciri kitosan dalam penjerapan. Kertas ini membincangkan pengembangan yang terbaru dalam pengubahsuaian kitosan serta aplikasi daripada bahan derivatif dalam penyingkiran ion logam dari larutan akues. Mekanisma penjerapan, kapasiti penjerapan logam, kesan pH, model dan kinetik juga diterangkan.

 

Kata kunci:  kitosan, pengubahsuaian, penjerapan, ion logam

 

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