Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 23 No 5 (2019): 849 - 860

THIOL MODIFIED AMPEROMETRIC IMMUNOSENSOR FOR BENZO[a]PYRENE DETECTION IN SURFACE RIVER WATER SAMPLES

(Immunosensor Amperometrik Diubahsuai Tiol untuk Pengesanan Benzo[a]pirina dalam Sampel Air Sungai Permukaan)

Noor Sheryna Jusoh, Tuan Fauzan Tuan Omar, Azrilawani Ahmad*

Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: azrilawani.ahmad@umt.edu.my

Received: 27 May 2019; Accepted: 28 August 2019

Abstract

An amperometric immunosensor for the determination of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in surface river water samples was developed using screen-printed gold electrodes (SPGEs). The SPGE was modified with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) and immobilised the biomolecules on SPGE by applying an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sensitivity of the competitive assay on bare and modified electrodes was compared electrochemically by conducting an amperometric measurement at 300 mV. The limit of detection (LOD) recorded for the bare SPGE was 0.26 mg/L and that for the modified SPGE was 0.01 mg/L. The lower LOD value proved the better sensitivity of the biosensor in the presence of 11-MUA. The recovery study carried out for water samples showed good recovery, ranging from 97%–114%. The improved biosensor method was tested using real water samples collected from Semerak River, Kelantan. An amperometric detection of real water samples showed no BaP for all the sampling stations. The developed immunosensor was then compared with a gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID); the corresponding results revealed that the developed amperometric immunosensor showed higher sensitivity than the GC-FID in the determination of BaP in environmental water.

Keywords: amperometric measurement, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, benzo(a)pyrene, gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector

Abstrak

Imunosensor amperometrik untuk penentuan benzo[a]pirina (BaP) dalam sampel air sungai permukaan dibangunkan menggunakan elektrod emas skrin tercetak (SPGE). SPGE telah diubahsuai dengan asid 11-merkaptoundekanoik (11-MUA) dan pemegunan biomolekul pada SPGE dengan menggunakan asai imunojerapan berpaut enzim berpesaingan tak langsung (ELISA). Kepekaan ujian kompetitif pada elektrod kosong dan diubahsuai telah dibandingkan secara elektrokimia dengan menjalankan pengukuran amperometrik pada 300 mV. Had pengesanan (LOD) yang direkodkan untuk SPGE kosong adalah 0.26 mg / L dan bagi SPGE diubah suai adalah 0.01 mg / L. LOD rendah membuktikan kepekaan biosensor yang lebih baik dengan kehadiran 11-MUA. Kajian perolehan semula yang dijalankan untuk sampel air menunjukkan perolehan semula yang baik, dari 97%-114%. Kaedah biosensor yang lebih baik telah diuji menggunakan sampel air sebenar yang diambil dari Sungai Semerak, Kelantan. Pengesanan amperometrik sampel air sebenar menunjukkan tiada BaP untuk semua stesen pensampelan. Imunosensor yang dibangunkan kemudiannya dibandingkan dengan kromatografi gas pengesan nyala pengionan (GC-FID); keputusan mendedahkan bahawa imunosensor amperometrik yang dibangunkan menunjukkan kepekaan yang lebih tinggi berbanding teknik kromatografi untuk penentuan BaP dalam air alam sekitar.

Kata kunci: pengukuran amperometrik, asai imunojerapan berpaut enzim, benzo[a]pirina, kromatografi gas pengesan nyala pengionan

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