Prof. Dr. Ding Choo Ming
Sub-Projek C : Prof. Dr. Ding Choo Ming (Ketua)&Prof. Madya Dr. Shanthini Pillai (Penyelidik Bersama)
Tajuk Sub-projek : Sastera Dalam Kesepaduan Sosial
Penyelidik di bawah sub-projek ini kini di dalam proses membuat tinjauan karya lepas serta kajian perpustakaan dengan pengumpulan bahan sastera dalam pelbagai bahasa (Bahasa Malaysia dan Mandarin) yang melibatkan unsur etnik. Selain itu, konsep 1 R + 3 R dalam sastera Bahasa Tamil dan Sastera Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia ditinjau bagi tujuan membina rangkaian data kesedaran kesepaduan sosial dalam sastera Bahasa Tamil dan Inggeris di Malaysia untuk dijadikan bahan rujukan negara bangsa dan masyarakat global. Penyelidik juga telah menghadiri konferens antrabangsa International Conference on Linguistics, Literature and Culture 2012 (ICLLIC) di Pulau Pinang dan Symposium on English Language Arts and Literature (MELTA) di Universiti Malaya untuk meluaskan jaringan serta memperoleh maklumat berkaitan penyelidikan.
Executive Sumary
Developing an “united nation” of different ethnic groups in Malaysia requires the ability each of the ethnic groups to understand, communicate with, and effectively interact with one another. All this would eventually lead to the creation of broad and inclusive space for national political discourse and decisions, replacing the narrow and exclusive political discourse and decision, which would in turn reinforce one common notion of citizenship.
All these would involve cultural competence comprising at least the following four components:
- Awareness of one’s own cultural worldview,
- Attitude towards cultural differences,
- Knowledge of different cultural practices and worldviews, and
- Cross-cultural skills.
One way to develop cultural competence is to grasp the values, norms, and traditions that affect how individuals of particular ethnic groups perceive, think, interact, behave, and make judgments about their world and the other through our culture, which would include literature. We assume that contemporary and classical literature, including proverbs and idioms, can be significant tools to study the constructions of inter-ethnic politics of understanding and, therefore, can be significantly used as effective tools to forge cultural competence, multiculturalism, racial integration and eventually united-nation building in Malaysia.
We aim to find out whether nation building can be strengthened further via a depiction of shared core values or whether disenfranchisement follows in its stead by using a continuum based approach that ranges from what Shamsull A.B has theorized as the “authority defined nation” on the one end or the “nations of intent” located within a specific ethnic consciousness on the other hand. e investigate for the first time in Malaysia in what way the literatures produced and proverbs and idioms that we inherited can promote inter-ethnic understanding and communication leading to heightening of our cultural competence, and multiculturalism and uniting Malays, Chinese, Tamil and others better mentally, psychologically, spiritually than before.
The objectives of this research are:
- Establish how the realities of Malaysian nationhood are presented through the constructs of inter-ethnic politics , multiculturalism, cultural competence, social integration, and others through literary works
- Examine the various ways in which literature in prose and poetry engage with and transgress the boundaries of inter-ethnic understanding through depictions of shared value systems derived from each ethnic community.
- Establish whether the evidence of engagement of inter-ethnic politics and multiculturalism and others in the source materials mentioned gravitates towards a middle ground that promotes cultural competence amongst us and lead us to nation building through inter-ethnic understanding or whether instead it gravitates towards the extreme ends of the continuum.
Can literature and traditional proverbs and idioms in Malay, Chinese, Tamil and English help in bringing us closer in creating 1Malaysia by 2020?
How to strive a balance?
How to do it is what we intend to do in this research by looking for values, guidance and inspiration at our literature and proverbs. We know we have problems with multiculturalism, but Malaysians need to be united racially and culturally for survival, prosperity and progress. No matter what the answers may be, the appreciation, acceptance or promotion of multiple ethnic cultures through literature and proverbs is also a long process of exposure to otherness in order to foster the irreducible value of diversity within sameness. So far, Malay, Chinese, Indians and others can live, learn, work, pray, play, and entertain separately, and a better understanding and communication through the wisdoms in literature and proverbs would hopeful help us to integrate better from time to time.
Examples of short stories:
- Cengkaman Norma – Saroja Theavy
- Meja Bulat dan Minyak Angin – Mohamad Saleeh Rahmad
- Peristiwa Lama – Osman Dol
- Keputusan – Nordin Saad
- Darah Kita Merah – Abdul Latif Talib
- Di Pinggir Kesedaran – Osman Ayob
- Kedai Sederet di Kampung Kami – Keris Mas
- Kewek – Eh Deng Eh Chik
- Doa Tahun Baru – Uthaya Sankar
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Kandasami – Saroja Theavy
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Guruh – Othman Puteh
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Meniti Pelangi – Siow Siew Sing
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Jison Anak Sarawak – Jamila K. A. Mohamed Kutty
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Simfoni Batang Lupar – Nor Tahirah Abdullah Sani
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Api yang Telah Padam – Mohd. Ismail Sarbini
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Anak Dibuat Denak – Ishak Haji Muhammad (kebencian terhadap penjajah & bukan Melayu)
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Kerana Mata Dacing, Hati Saya Terpancing – Harun Aminurrashid (peniaga Cina yang menipu mata dacing)
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Dolly – Bidadari dari Shanghai – Ishak Haji Muhammad (kecurigaan Melayu terhadap bukan Melayu yang hendak melemahkan kedudukan ekonomi Melayu)
Examples of novel:
- Musafir (1959) – Hassan Muhammad Ali
- Tugu (1965) – Hassan Muhammad Ali
- Embun dan Tanah (1965) – Ibrahim Omar
- Lingkaran (1965) – Arenawati
- Biru Warna (1966) – Awang Had Salleh
- Interlok (1973) – Abdullah Hussain
Examples of poem:
- Anak Jiran Tionghua – Usman Awang
- Hidup Bersama – A. Samad Said
- Tanah Airku – A. Wahab Ali
- Pulang – Adi Badiozaman Tuah
- Bicara Setia – Ahmad Sarju
- Lagu Cinta Tanah Air – Anis Sabirin
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Kuala Lumpur– Cheng Poh Hock
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Tanah Airku – Dharmawijaya
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Tiga Pesan Pembangunan – Firdaus Abdullah
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Lagu 31 Ogos – Goh Then Chye
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Pada Negara Ini – Joseph Selvam
Examples of Chinese literature:
- 方修. 新马文学史论集. 香港:香港三联书店分店,联合新加坡文学书屋, 1986.
- 张锦忠. 离散与流动: 从马华文学到新兴马华文学
- 张锦忠. 重写马华文学史论文集. 南投:国立暨 南国际大学东南亚研究中心, 2004.
- 吴岸. 盾上的诗篇. 麻坡:南风出版社, 1988.
- 甄供. 生命的延续———吴岸及其作品研究. 加影: 新纪元学院学术研究中心, 2004.
- 林春美,张永修. 从“动地吟”看马华诗人的身份认同
- 黄万华,戴小华. 全球语境·多元对话·马华文学. 济南:山东文艺出版社, 2004.
- 马仑. 城乡回旋曲. 新加坡:新亚出版社, 1971.
- 马仑. 不碎的浪花. 笨珍:文赋书局, 1976.
- 马仑. 贝壳之歌. 笨珍:华商报, 1977.
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