Sains Malaysiana 47(3)(2018): 433–439
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4703-02
Diversity
and Population of Thrips Species on Legumes with Special Reference to Megalurothrips
usitatus
(Kepelbagaian
dan Populasi Spesies Jengking Daun pada Kekacang dengan Rujukan
Khusus kepada Megalurothrips usitatus)
Z. ZAFIRAH*
& A.A. AZIDAH
Institute of Biological
Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah
Persekutuan, Malaysia
Received: 18 April 2016/Accepted:
14 September 2017
ABSTRACT
Thrips (Thysanoptera) are common pests on legume plants,
yet little is known about their ecology or diversity in Peninsular
Malaysia. In legumes, thrips are typically found in flowers, where
their feeding activity causes malformations that eventually lead
to crop damage. In this study, we examined the diversity of thrips
species, particularly Megalurothrips usitatus, in three selected legume farms around
Peninsular Malaysia (Janda Baik, Pahang; Bestari Jaya, Selangor;
and Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan). Each month from April 2013 to May
2014, depending on growing season, legume flowers were inspected
for thrips in five random plots from each farm. Sampling was performed
six times in Bestari Jaya and Jelebu and twelve times in Janda Baik.
The most abundant thrips species on legumes was M. usitatus
(89.97%) followed by Thrips parvispinus (9.77%), T.
hawaiiensis (0.13%) and Ceratothripoides brunneus (0.12%).
The abundance of M. usitatus was not different between long
bean, French bean and winged bean which equally distributed among
different arbitrary strata on legume plants. Temperature and light
intensity were found to be positively correlated with the abundance
of M. usitatus, but relative humidity showed a negative relationship.
M. usitatus was found in large numbers during hot and dry
months, but in lower numbers during raining season. This study suggested
that wet season may help to regulate the populations of M. usitatus
on legume plants.
Keywords: Diversity; ecology;
legume; Megalurothrips usitatus; thrips
ABSTRAK
Jengking daun
(Thysanoptera) adalah perosak yang biasa ditemui pada tumbuhan
kekacang, namun sedikit yang diketahui tentang ekologi atau kepelbagaian
mereka di Semenanjung Malaysia. Pada tumbuhan
kekacang, jengking daun kebiasaannya dijumpai di dalam bunga dengan
aktiviti pemakanan mereka menyebabkan kecacatan dan kerosakan pada
tanaman. Dalam kajian ini, kepelbagaian spesies jengking
daun, terutamanya Megalurothrips
usitatus, di tiga ladang kekacang terpilih sekitar Semenanjung
Malaysia (Janda Baik, Pahang; Bestari Jaya, Selangor; dan Jelebu,
Negeri Sembilan) telah dikaji. Bergantung kepada musim tanaman,
jengking daun disampel daripada bunga kekacang secara rawak setiap
bulan daripada lima plot di setiap ladang
dari April 2013 hingga Mei 2014. Spesies thrips
yang paling banyak ditemui pada kekacang adalah M. usitatus (89.97%) diikuti oleh Thrips
parvispinus (9.77%), T. hawaiiensis
(0.13%) dan Ceratothripoides brunneus (0.12%).
Kelimpahan M. usitatus pada kacang panjang, kacang buncis
dan kacang botor tidak berbeza dan spesies ini tersebar sama
rata antara strata yang berbeza pada tumbuhan kekacang. Suhu dan
keamatan cahaya didapati berkorelasi positif dengan kelimpahan relatif
M. usitatus, manakala kelembapan relatif menunjukkan hubungan
yang negatif. M. usitatus dijumpai dalam jumlah yang banyak semasa musim
panas dan kering tetapi sebaliknya pada musim hujan. Kajian ini
menunjukkan bahawa musim hujan berfungsi membantu untuk mengawal
atur populasi M. usitatus pada tumbuhan kekacang.
Kata
kunci: Ekologi; jengking daun; kekacang; kepelbagaian; Megalurothrips usitatus
REFERENCES
Aliakbarpour, H. & Che Salmah, M.R. 2011. Seasonal
abundance and spatial distribution of larval and adult thrips (Thysanoptera) on
weed host plants in mango orchards in Penang, Malaysia. Applied Entomology
and Zoology 46: 185-194.
Aliakbarpour, H. & Che Salamah, M.R. 2012. The species
composition of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) Inhibiting Mango Orchards in
Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Tropical Life Sciences Research 23(1): 45-61.
Aliteri,
M.A. 1986. The dynamics of colonizing arthropod communities at interface of
abandoned, organic and commercial apple orchards and adjacent wood-land
habitats. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 16: 29-43.
Ananthakrishnan,
T.N. 1990. Reproductive of Biology Thrips. Indira Publishing House. 34pp
Ananthakrishnan,
T.N., Raman, K. & Sanjayan, K.P. 1982. Comparative growth rate, fecundity
and oral diversity of the dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa)
(Hemiptera; Lygaeidae) on certain malvaceous host plants, Proceeding of the
National Academy of Sciences, India 48: 577-584.
Anon. 2012. Vegetable and Cash Crops Statistics Malaysia. Peninsular
Malaysia, Jabatan Pertanian Semenanjung Malaysia.
Azidah, A.A.
2011. Thripidae (Thysanoptera) species collected from common plants and crops
in peninsular Malaysia. Scientific Research and Essays 6(24): 5107-5113.
Duke, J.A.
1983. Handbook of Energy Crops.
NewCROPS web site, Purdue University. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/
newcrop/duke_energy/dukeindex.html. Accessed on 29 April
2016.
Fauziah, I.
& Wan, M.A.K. 2004. Diversity and Systematics of
Thrips Species on Legumes. Laporan akhir
penyelidikan UITM 10283.
Harrison,
J.O. 1963. Notes on the biology of the banana flower thrips Frankliniella
parvula, in the Dominican Republic. Annals of the Entomological
Society of America 56: 664-666.
Ibrahim, N.D. & Adesiyun, A.A. 2010. Effects of
transplanting dates and insecticides frequency in the control of Thrips
tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Onion (Allium cepa L.)
in Sokoto, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture Science 2(2): 239-249.
Iklim Malaysia. 2015. In
Laman Web Rasmi Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia (MetMalaysia). http://www.met.gov.my/web/
metmalaysia/climate/generalinformation/malaysia. Accessed on 2 February
2016.
Jelebu 2015. Portal Rasmi
Daerah Jelebu. http://www.mdjelebu. gov.my/web/guest/home.
Accessed on 27 December 2014.
Johansen, N.S., Eriksen,
A.S. & Mortensen, L. 2011. Light quality influences trap catches of Frankliniella
occidentalis (Pergande) and Trialeurodes vorporariorum (Westwood). Integrated
Control in Protected Crops, Temperate Climate IOBC/wprs Bulletin 68: 89-92.
Johari,
A., Herlinda, S., Pujiastuti, Y., Irsan, C. & Sartiami, D. 2014. Morphological and
genetic variation of Thrips parvispinus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in
chili plantation (Capsisum annuum L.) in the lowland and highland of
Jambi Province, Indonesia. American Journal of Bioscience 2(6-1): 17-21.
Kasina,
M., Nderitu, J., Nyamasyo, G., Waturu, C., Olubayo, F., Obudho,
E. & Yobera, D. 2009.
Within plant distribution and seasonal population dynamics of Flower
Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) infesting French Beans (Phaseolus
vulgaris L.) in Kenya. Spanish Journal of Agricultural
Research 7(3): 625-659.
Khan,
T.N. 1982. Winged Bean Production in the Tropics. Rome:
FAO. p. 217.
Kirk, W.D.J. 1996. Thrips Naturalists' Handbooks. Slough,
The Richmond Publishing Company Limited.
Lewis, T. 1973. Thrips:
Their Biology, Ecology and Economics Importance. England: Academic
Press London and New York.
Lorini,
I. & Junior, V. M. 1990. Population fluctuations of Thrips tabaci Lindeman,
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on garlic crop. Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do
Brasil 19(2): 367-371.
Mound,
L.A. 2007. Thysanoptera biology and identification: technique for preparing micro-slides
used at Canberra for thrips. Canberra: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization Entomology, Australia.
Mound,
L.A. & Azidah, A.A. 2009. Species of the genus Thrips (Thysanoptera)
from Peninsular Malaysia, with a checklist of recorded Thripidae. Zootaxa 2023:
55-68.
Mound,
L.A. & Collins, D.W. 2000. A south East Asian pest species newly recorded
from Europe: Thrips parvispinus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae),
its confused identity and potential quarantine significance. Journal
of European Entomology 97: 197-200.
Mound,
L.A., Tree, D.J. & Paris, D. 2015. OZ THRIPS, Thysanoptera in Australia.
http://www.ozthrips.org/. Accessed on 27 December 2014.
Ng,
Y.F. & Mound, L.A. 2015. Species of Thripinae (Thysanoptera)
from bamboo in Malaysia, with one new species and six new records.
Zootaxa 3918(4): 492-502.
Ogah, E.O. 2011. Assesing
the impact of varietal resistance and planting dates on the incidence
of African Yam Bean Flower Thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti,
Hochst.Ex. A. Rich) in Nigeria. Asian Journal Plant Sciences 10(7):
370-375.
Oparaeke, A.M. 2006. The
sensitivity of flower bud thrips, Megalurothrips sjodjesti Trybom
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on cowpea to three Concentrations and
Spraying Schedules of Piper guineense Schum. & Thonn.
Extracts. Journal of Plant Protection Science 42(3): 106-111.
Palmer, J.M. 1987. Megalurothrips
in the flowers of tropical legumes: a morphometric study. In
Population Structure, Genetics and Taxonomy of Aphids and Thysanoptera,
edited by Holman, J., Pelikan, J., Dixon, A.F.G. & Weismann,
L. The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing. pp. 480-495.
Pickett, C.H., Wilson,
L.T. & Gonzalez, D. 1988. Population dynamics and within-plant
distribution of the Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae),
an early season predator of spider mites infesting cotton. Entomological
Society of America 17(3): 551-559.
StatSoft
Inc. 2001.
Electronic statistics textbook. http://www.
statsoft.com/textbook/stathome.html. Accessed on 27 December 2014.
Taburan
hujan Malaysia 2015. Laman Web Rasmi Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia
(MetMalaysia). http://www.met.gov. my/web/metmalaysia/observations/surface/dailyrainfall.
Accessed on 27 December 2014.
Waiganjo,
M.M., Gitonga, L.M. & Mueke, J.M. 2008. Effects
of weather on onion thrips population dynamics. African
Journal of Horticultural Science 1: 82-90.
*Corresponding author; email: zafzakri@yahoo.com
|