Sains Malaysiana 50(7)(2021): 1921-1933

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5007-08

Sol-gel Approach in Molecular Imprinting for Crystal Violet Selective Recognition

(Pendekatan Sol-gel dalam Peneraan Molekul untuk Pengecaman Memilih Kristal Ungu)

SALIZA ASMAN¹*, SHARIFAH MOHAMAD² & MOHD KAMARULZAKI MUSTAFA¹

¹Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Education Hub Pagoh, 84600 Pagoh, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 17 September 2020/Accepted: 23 November 2020

ABSTRACT

A limitation of conventional MIP in thermal and mechanical stabilities condition, improper porosity and low adsorption capacity, give a reason to introduce a sol-gel method in molecular imprinting process recently.  In this study, a synthesis of new sol-gel molecularly imprinted polymer (SG-MIP) was studied for crystal violet (CV) selective recognition. The control non-molecularly imprinted polymer (SG-NIP) was also synthesized as reference. The preparation of SG-MIP was introduced by a combination of the organic and inorganic mixture. The organic solution included the methacrylic acid, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, and benzoyl peroxide which are monomer, crosslinker, and initiator, respectively. The inorganic solution involved the ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate: ethanol (1:1 v/v). The functional group analysis proved the successful synthesized SG-MIP and SG-NIP. The thermal analysis indicated high thermal stability for SG-MIP and SG-NIP, respectively. The morphology and surface analyses showed the respective different structures, surface, and porosity values between SG-MIP and SG-NIP, which influence the selectivity study and adsorption behaviour of SG-MIP toward CV adsorption. The result verified that the SG-MIP (4.900 mgg^-1) has higher adsorption and higher selectivity characteristics compared to SG-NIP (4.432 mgg^-1). The equilibrium data of kinetic and isotherm studies for SG-MIP and SG-NIP were well-fitted to the pseudo-second order model (R² = 0.9997 and R² = 0.9996) and Freundlich isotherm model (R² = 0.9500 and R² = 0.9764), respectively. The Freundlich isotherm was supported by the Scatchard plot instead of the Langmuir isotherm model.

Keywords: Crystal violet; Freundlich isotherm; Langmuir isotherm; sol-gel method

ABSTRAK

Batasan MIP konvensional dalam keadaan kestabilan terma dan mekanikal, keliangan yang tidak sesuai dan kapasiti penjerapan yang rendah, memberi alasan untuk memperkenalkan kaedah sol-gel dalam proses pencetakan molekul baru-baru ini. Dalam kajian ini, satu sintesis polimer bercirikan molekul sol-gel baru (SG-MIP) dikaji untuk pengecaman memilih kristal ungu (CV). Polimer cetakan bukan molekul kawalan (SG-NIP) juga disintesis sebagai rujukan. Penyediaan SG-MIP diperkenalkan dengan gabungan campuran organik dan bukan organik. Penyelesaian organik tersebut merangkumi asid metakrilik, trimetilolpropana trimetakrilat dan benzoil peroksida yang masing-masing adalah monomer, penghubung silang, dan pemula. Larutan bukan organik melibatkan nisbah tetraetil ortosilika: etanol (1: 1 v/v). Analisis kumpulan berfungsi membuktikan SG-MIP dan SG-NIP yang berjaya disintesis. Analisis terma menunjukkan kestabilan terma yang tinggi masing-masing untuk SG-MIP dan SG-NIP. Analisis morfologi dan permukaan menunjukkan struktur, permukaan, dan nilai keliangan yang berbeza antara SG-MIP dan SG-NIP, yang mempengaruhi kajian memilih dan tingkah laku penjerapan SG-MIP terhadap penjerapan CV. Hasilnya mengesahkan bahawa SG-MIP (4.900 mgg^-1) mempunyai penjerapan yang lebih tinggi dan ciri pemilihan yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan SG-NIP (4.432 mgg^-1). Data keseimbangan kajian kinetik dan isoterma untuk SG-MIP dan SG-NIP sesuai dengan model pesanan pseudo-kedua (R² = 0.9997 dan R² = 0.9996) dan model isoterma Freundlich (R² = 0.9500 dan R² = 0.9764. Isoterma Freundlich disokong oleh plot Scatchard dan bukannya model isoterma Langmuir.

Kata kunci: Isoterma Freundlich; isoterma Langmuir; kaedah sol-gel; kristal ungu

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*Corresponding author; email: salizaa@uthm.edu.my