Sains Malaysiana 34(2): 141-146 (2005)

New Chitosan Derivatives Induced Resistance to Fusarium

Wilt Disease through Phytoalexin (Gossypol) Production

(Kerintangan Aruhan Derivatif Kitosan Baru terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium

melalui Penghasilan Fitoaleksin (Gosipol))

Omyma A.Awadalla & Yehia A.-G. Mahmoud

Mycology Research Lab Botany Department

Faculty of Science Tanta University

P.O. Box 8, Tanta 31527 Egypt

ABSTRAK

Penyelidikan ini mengkaji mekanisme kerintangan terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum yang diaruh oleh beberapa terbitan kitosan dalam tanaman kapas. Biji benih kapas yang telah dirawat dengan kitosan didapati mempertingkatkan dengan signifikan kerintangan terhadap layu vaskular akibat jangkitan Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum. Kelima-lima terbitan kitosan yang diuji menekan pertumbuhan miselia patogen. Kitosn 3, 4 dan 8 mempunyai skor penyakit sebanyak 0.5 + 0.02, 0.6:+ 0.5 and 0.0 masing-masing, iaitu tumbuhan has tidak memperlihatkan simptom penyakit dan menunjukkan bahawa kitosan tersebut paling berkesan dalam mengawal penyakit layu Fusarium. Penghasilan fitoaleksin (gosipol) meningkat, sehingga mencapai 1.16 mg/5 gm maksimum tisu akar segar bagi tumbuhan yang dirawat dengan kitosan. Aras gosipol didapati lebih tinggi dalam akar berbanding dalam batang. Pengeluaran maksimum gosipol diperolehi daripada pokok kapas yang telah dirawat dengan kitosan 3,4 dan 8 dan juga disuntik dengan spora patogen berbanding dengan pokok yang tidak menerima perlakuan tersebut.

Kata kunci: Kapas, Fusarium oxysporum fsp. vasinfectum, kitosan, fitoaleksin (gosipol), rintangan penyakit

ABSTRACT

The present investigation studied the mechanism of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum induced by some chitosan derivatives in susceptible cotton plants. Pretreating cotton seeds with chitosan markedly increased cotton resistance to vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum. The five chitosan derivatives tested repressed the pathogen mycelial growth. Chitosans 3, 4 and 8 had a disease score of 0.5:tO.02, 0.6:tO.5 and 0.0 respectively, indicating that the host plants were free from visual symptoms and that these chitosans were the most effective in controlling Fusarium wilt disease. Phytoalexin (gossypol) production was greatly increased with a maximum of 1.16 mg/5gmfresh root tissue in chitosan-treated plants. The level of gossypol was higher in the roots than in the stems and the maximum production of gossypol was achieved in cotton plants treated with the chitosan 3, 4 and 8 and inoculated with the pathogen spores as compared with uninoculated plants.

Keywords: Cotton, Fusarium oxysporumfsp. vasinfectum, chitosan, phytoalexin (gossypol), and disease resistance.

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