Sains Malaysiana 35(1): 1-6 (2006)

 

Organochlorine Insecticides Level Detected in Water and Sediments

from the Langat River and a Lake Near to a

Golf Course at Bangi, Selangor

(Aras Racun Serangga Organoklorin dalam Air dan Sedimen dari Sungai Langat

dan Tasik Berhampiran Padang Golf di Bangi, Selangor)

 

 

Lee Yook Heng

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E.

 

Mazlin Mokhtar, Siti Rohaya Omar

LESTARI

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

The possible presence of 10 organochlorine insecticides (aldrin, heptachlor, lindane, endosulfan, p,p’-DDE, p,p-DDT, methoxychlor, chlordane, endrin and dieldrin) in the sediment and water of a lake and river that flow through the Kelab Danau UKM were examined. Altogether six sampling sites were surveyed and three samplings within a period of three months were carried out in 2001. The insecticides were analysed by using gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector. The results showed that endrin, chlordane and aldrin were present in all water samples with concentrations for endrin: 0.02-0.21 µg/L, chlordane: 0.05-0.16 µg/L and aldrin: 0.03-0.13 µg/L. Lindane and heptachlor were rarely detected in the water samples. For sediment, lindane, endrin and heptachlor were detected in all sediment samples. Their levels in sediments were 0.28-0.53 µg/kg for lindane, 0.06-0.53 µg/kg for heptachlor and 1.06-2.06 µg/kg for endrin. Insecticides such as p,p' -DDE, p,p-DDT, methoxychlor, endosulfan and dieldrin were not detected in sediments or water during most samplings. The presence of organochlorine insecticides in the aquatic environment of the golf club area may be attributed to the input from usage. Another source would be from the river upstream outside the golf club flow through an area of oil palm plantation, where these insecticides might have been used for pest control in the past.

 

Keyword: Golf course, pesticide contamination, water pollution, gas chromathography, surface water

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Kemungkinan kehadiran 10 jenis racun serangga organoklorin (aldrin, heptaklor, lindan, endosulfan, p,p' -DDE, p,p-­DDT, metoksiklor, klordan, endrin dan dieldrin) dalam sedimen dan air dari tasik dan sungai di sekitar Kelab Danau UKM telah diteliti. Sebanyak enam tapak pensampelan telah dikaji dan tiga pensampelan air dan sedimen telah diadakan dalam tempoh tiga bulan pada tahun 2001. Racun serangga telah dianalisis secara kromatografi gas dengan mengguna pengesan pemerangkapan elektron. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa endrin, klordan dan aldrin hadir dalam semua sampel airdengan kepekatan endrin: 0.02-0.21 µg/L, klordan: 0.05-0.16 µg/Ldan aldrin: 0.03-0.13 µg/L. Lindan dan heptaklor jarang dikesan dalam sampel air. Untuk sedimen, lindan, endrin dan heptaklor dapat dikesan dalam semua sampel dengan kepekatan 0.28-0.53 µg/kg lindan, 0.06-0.53 µg/kg heptaklor dan 1.06-2.06 µg/kg endrin. Racun serangga yang lain seperti p,p' -DDE, p,p-DDT, metoksiklor, endosulfan dan dieldrin tidak dikesan dalam sampel air mahupun sedimen daripada kebanyakan pensampelan. Kehadiran racun serangga organoklorin dalam sekitaran akuatik kelab golf mungkin disebabkan input daripada penggunaan dan juga kawasan hulu kelab tersebut yang terdiri daripada ladang kelapa sawit yang mengguna racun serangga jenis ini untuk kawalan makhluk perosak.

 

Kata kunci: Padang golf, kontaminasi pestisid, pencemaran air, kromatografi gas, air permukaan

 

 

RUJUKAN/REFERENCE

 

Abellatif, M.A., Hermanson, H.P. & Reynolds, H.T. 1967.  Pesticides residue in soil and water In Environmental pollution by pesticides. Edwards, C.A. Ed. New York: Plenum Press.

APHA. 1992.  Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater, 18th Edition. Washington USA: APHA, AWWA, WEF.

Chau, A.S.Y. & Afghan, B.K. 1982. Analysis of pesticides in water. Florida, USA: CRC Press.

Cheah, U.B. & Lum, K.Y. 1994. Pesticide residue and microbial contamination of water resources of rice agrosystem in Muda area. Proceeding of the Seminar on Impact of Pesticide on the Rice Agrosystem in Muda Area, Pulau Pinang, 1-5.

Cheah, U.B., Sharma, M.L., Aminuddin, B.Y., Mohammud, C.H., & Zain, M.M. 1996. Pesticide residues in water resources of  the agricultural plains of Kelantan. ACIAR Proceedings 61, 22-28.

Chiba, M & Morley, H.V. 1968. Factors influencing extraction of aldrin and dieldrin residue from different soil types. J. Agr. Food Chem. 16(6): 916-922.

Edwards, C.A. 1966. State of the marine pollution in marine environment. Residue Rev. 13: 83.

Erichelberger, J.W. & Lichetenberg, J.J. 1971. Persistence of pesticides in river water. Environ. Sci and Technol. 5(6): 541­544.1. http://ianr.www.unl.edu/POPs/htm, 2000, June.

Khan, S.U. 1977. Sampling strategy to detect a change in concentration of trace organic contaminants in marine sediments. Can. J. Soil Sci. 57: 1-26.

Lee H.B., Chau, AS.Y. & Kawahara. 1982. Organochlorine pesticides. In Analysis of pesticides in water, Chau, AS.Y & Afghan, B.K. Vol. II, New York: CRC Press.

Lee Y.H. 1994. Status pencemaran sungai-sungai di Sabah oleh sisa pestisid organoklorin: Kajian sedimen antara 1988-1992. Sumber  8: 125-139.

McEwen, F.L. & Stephenson, G.R. 1979. The use and significance of pesticides in the environment. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Pionke, H.B. & Chesters, G. 1973. Pesticide-sediment-water interaction. J. Environ. Quality 2(1): 29-45.2.

Sethunanthan, N, Adhya, T.K & Barik, S. 1991. Degradation products of commonly used insecticides in Indian rice soils. American Chemical Society. Washington.

Smith A.E. & Bridges, D.C. 1996. Movement of certain herbicides following application to stimulated golf course greens and fairways. Crop Sci. 36: 1439-1445.

Tan, G.H. & Vijayaletchumy, K. 1994. Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in river sediments by Soxhlet extraction with hexane-acetone. Pestic. Sci. 121-126.

Toshinari, S., Harumi, K, Kumiko, Y, Toshio, M. & Testsuya, S. 1998. Estimation of leachability and persistence of pesticides at golf courses from point-source monitoring and model to predict pesticide leaching to groundwater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32(7): 920-929.

Wan H.B., Wong, M.K & Mok. C.Y. 1996. Pesticides in golf course waters associated with golf course runoff. Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 56: 205-209.

Zuriati Z., Lee Y.H, Pauzi A, Rozita, S. & Laily D. 2003. The environmental contamination by organochlorine insecticides of some agricultural areas in Malaysia, Malaysian J. Chemistry 5(1): 78-85.