Sains
Malaysiana 37(4):435-441( 2008)
Ekstrak Akues Gynura procumbens Menurunkan Aras
Glukosa Darah dan Meningkatkan Kualiti Sperma Tikus Teraruh
Diabetis
(Gynura procumbens Leaves Aqueous Extract Decreased
Blood Glucose Level and Increased Sperm Quality in Diabetic-Induced
Rats)
Halimah Abdullah Sani, Nur Azanim Darus,
Mahanem Mat Noor & Isma Illyani Ismail
Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan BioteknologiFakulti Sains
dan Teknologi,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 11 Mac 2008 / Diterima: 28 April 2008
ABSTRAK
Diabetis
mellitus merupakan sejenis penyakit metabolik yang disebabkan
oleh peningkatan aras glukosa darah serta memberi kesan
komplikasi terhadap kesihatan. Peningkatan aras glukosa
dalam darah berpunca daripada kegagalan penghasilan insulin
yang berperanan dalam mengawalatur aras glukosa darah. Lebih
90 % pesakit diabetis turut mengalami masalah gangguan fungsi
seksual lelaki seperti penurunan libido, impoten dan infertiliti
di mana kesemua masalah ini adalah disebabkan oleh kegagalan
testis yang berkaitan dengan ciri hiperglisemia pesakit
diabetis itu sendiri. Infertiliti merujuk kepada ketidaksuburan
sperma atau ketidakupayaan individu untuk menghasilkan sperma
yang normal. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk melihat potensi
ekstrak akues Gynura procumbens (GP) untuk menurunkan
aras glukosa darah serta meningkatkan kualiti sperma tikus
jantan strain Sprague dawley teraruh diabetis. Tikus diaruh diabetik melalui suntikan intravena streptozotocin (STZ),
65 mg/kg. Kualiti sperma ditentukan berdasarkan parameter
berbeza yang dikaji iaitu bilangan, motiliti dan peratus
mortaliti sperma. Tikus-tikus ini dibahagi kepada dua kumpulan
iaitu normal dan diabetik. Setiap kumpulan ini dibahagi
kepada 2 sub kumpulan dengan perlakuan yang berbeza iaitu
kawalan (n=5) dan dos 50 mg/kg (n=5) di mana tikus ini diberikan
rawatan selama 10 hari berturut-turut menggunakan ekstrak
akues GP melalui kaedah suap paksa. Hasil menunjukkan rawatan
dengan ekstrak GP menurunkan aras glukosa darah tikus diabetik
daripada 15.08 ± 1.878 mmol/L kepada 10.42 ± 2.71 mmol/L
secara signifikan (p<0.05). Rawatan dengan ekstrak GP
turut meningkatkan bilangan sperma normal dalam tikus diabetik
secara signifikan (p<0.05). Bilangan sperma normal dalam
tikus diabetik yang diberi rawatan ekstrak ialah (50.23
± 3.12) x 107 berbanding tikus kawalan diabetik
(39.93 ± 8.06) x 107. Sebanyak 38.5% tikus kawalan
diabetik menghasilkan motiliti sperma gred d iaitu sperma
tidak bergerak (immotil). Walau bagaimanapun, tikus diabetik
yang diberi rawatan ekstrak GP menunjukkan penurunan sperma
dalam gred d kepada 30.48% serta peningkatan sperma gred
a iaitu sperma bergerak paling pantas daripada 31.25% kepada
34.86%. Tikus diabetik yang dirawat dengan ekstrak GP menunjukkan
penurunan secara signifikan (p<0.05) dalam peratusan
mortaliti sperma iaitu daripada 50.09 ± 14.34% kepada 30.57
± 4.61%. Hasil ini menunjukkan ekstrak akues Gynura procumbens
dapat menurunkan aras glukosa darah, merawat ketidaksuburan
serta meningkatkan spermatogenesis pada tikus diabetik jantan.
Kata kunci: Diabetis; Gynura procumbens; kualiti sperma
ABSTRACT
Diabetes
mellitus has been reported to cause various health complications
and increased glucose blood level. The increasing
level of glucose in blood was caused by the failure to produce
insulin which control blood glucose level. More than
90% of male diabetic patients have problem in sexual abilities
such as experiencing low libido, impotence and infertility.
Infertility could be due to lost of testicular function
to produce normal and healthy sperm in an adequate quantity.
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of
Gynura procumbens (GP) aqueous extracts on glucose
blood level and sperm quality in male diabetic-induced Sprague
dawley rats. Diabetic was induced by intravenous injection
of streptozotocin (65mg/kg). The sperm quality was determined
by evaluating the sperm count, motility and percentage of
mortality. Rats were divided into two groups, which were
normal and diabetic-induced rats. Each group was then divided
into two subgroups; non-treated group (n=5), which served
as controls and the treated group (n=5) which were treated
with 50 mg/kg GP aqueous leaves extract. Both normal and
diabetic rats were forced-fed with the GP extract daily
for ten days. The results show that treatment of GP extract
decreased the blood glucose level from 15.08 ± 1.878 mmol/L
to 10.42 ± 2.71 mmol/L significantly (p<0.05) in diabetic
rats. Treatment of GP extract increased the normal sperm
count of the diabetic group significantly (p<0.05). The
normal sperm count in diabetic rats treated with GP was
(50.23 ± 3.12) x 107 compared to untreated-diabetic
group (39.93 ± 8.06) x 107. Most of the sperm
motility in the untreated diabetic rats were in grade d
(immotile) with 38.5%. However, diabetic rats treated with
GP had a decrease of grade d sperm to 30.48% and an increase
of grade a (progressive motility) sperm from 31.25% to 34.86%.
The diabetic rats treated with GP also had a significant
reduction (p<0.05) in percentage of sperm mortality,
from 50.09 ± 14.34% to 30.57 ± 4.61%. These results show
that the administration of Gynura procumbens aqueous
extract had the ability to decrease blood glucose level,
restore the fertility and increase spermatogenesis in male
diabetic rats.
Keywords
: Diabetes; Gynura procumbens; sperm quality
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