Sains Malaysiana 39(3)(2010): 405–412

 

Profil Aktiviti Laktat Dehidrogenase, Asid Fosfatase Rintang Tartarat dan Alkalin Fosfatase pada Air Liur Semasa Rawatan Ortodontik

(Profiles of Lactate dehydrogenase, Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase and Alkaline Photophatase in Saliva during Orthodontic Treatment)

 

 

Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin¹*, Mohd Faiz Ellias¹, Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab²,

Yosni Bakar³ & Sahidan Senafi¹

 

¹Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan Bioteknologi Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

 

²Jabatan Ortodontik Fakulti Pergigian Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

³Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi, Selangor, D.E. Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 14 Julai 2009 / Diterima: 7 Januari 2010

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Proses pergerakan gigi semasa rawatan ortodontik boleh dikelaskan kepada empat fasa iaitu pengaktifan (berkait inflamasi terhadap tisu serta kematian sel), penyerapan, proses berbalik dan pembentukan tulang. Pergerakan gigi ini berkait rapat dengan perubahan metabolik di sekitar mulut. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan profil penanda biologi enzim di dalam air liur individu yang menerima rawatan ortodontik iaitu laktat dehidrogenase (LDH) bagi proses inflamasi, asid fosfatase rintang tartarat (TRAP) bagi proses penyerapan tulang dan alkali fosfatas (ALP) bagi proses pembentukan tulang. Sampel air liur diambil daripada 6 individu yang menerima rawatan ortodontik. Aktiviti kesemua enzim diambil sebelum pendakap dipasang (aktiviti normal) diikuti dengan hari ke-3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28 dan 31 selepas pengaktifan. Hasil kajian mendapati kesemua enzim (LDH, TRAP and ALP) menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan (p≤0.05) selepas rawatan diberikan berbanding aktiviti normal. LDH didapati meningkat pada peringkat awal rawatan (hari ke-3,7 dan 10), TRAP pada hari ke 14 dan 17 diikuti dengan ALP pada hari ke-17, 21 dan 24. Sebagai kesimpulan, profil enzim sepanjang rawatan ortodontik menunjukkan proses inflamasi berlaku di peringkat awal rawatan diikuti proses penyerapan dan pembentukan tulang. Selain itu, keseluruhan fasa inflamasi, penyerapan dan pembentukan tulang ortodontik didapati mengambil masa 24 hari.

 

Kata kunci : Air liur; enzim; ortodontik; pemodelan tulang

 

ABSTRACT

 

 During orthodontic treatment, the progress of tooth movements can be classified into four stages, i.e. activation (related to tissue inflammation or cells’ death), resorption, reversal and restructuring of new bones. Tooth movement is related to metabolic changes around the mouth. The objective of this study was to determine enzymes profiles from patient’s saliva during orthodontic tooth movement, i.e., lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for inflammation, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) for bone resorption and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for bone formation. Saliva samples were collected from 6 orthodontic patients. Activities of all enzymes were measured before placement of orthodontic fixed appliances (normal activity) followed with day 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28 and 31 after the braces were activated. All enzymes (LDH, TRAP and ALP) showed significantly (p≤0.05) higher specific activities as compared to normal. LDH showed the increment at the early phase of treatment (day 3,7 and 10), TRAP at day 14 and 17 followed by ALP at day 17, 21 and 24. As a conclusion, the profiles of enzymes activities showed that inflammation occured during early phase of treatment followed by bone resorption and bone formation. In addition, the inflammations, resorption and bone formation phases in orthodontic treatment were found to be completed within 24 days.

 

Keywords : Bone remodeling; enzymes; orthodontic; air liur 

 

 

RUJUKAN

 

Asma, A.A.A., Rohaya, M.A.W. & Shahrul Hisham, Z.A. 2008. Crevicular Alkaline Phosphatase Activity During Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Canine Retraction Stage. Journal of Medical Sciences 8(3): 228-233.

Atici, K., Yamalik, N., Eratalay, K. & Etikan, I. 1998. Analysis of gingival crevicular fluid intracytoplasmic enzyme activity in patients with adult periodontitis and rapidly progressive periodontitis. A longitudinal study model with periodontal treatment. Journal of Periodontology 69: 1155–1163.

Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72: 248-254.

Eni Juliana, A., Rohaya M.A.W., Sahidan, S., Nik Marzuki, S. & Shahrul Hisham, Z.A. 2009. Molecular Existence of Mature Odontoblast and Osteoblast Cells In Adult Human Pulp Tissues. Asian Journal of Biochemistry 4(2): 36-44

Gunther, T. & Shinke, T. 2000. Mouse genetics have uncovered new paradigm in bone biology. TEM 11: 189-193.

Halleen, J.M., Alatalo, S.L., Suominen, H., Cheng, S., Janckila, A.J. & Vaananen, H.K. 2000. Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b: A Novel Serum Marker of Bone Resorption. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 15: 1337–1345.

Hill, P.A. 1998. Bone remodeling. British Journal of Orthodontics 25: 101-107. Intan Zarina, Z.A., Shahrul Hisham, Z.A., Rohaya, M.A.W., Sahidan, S. & Zaidah, Z.A. 2008.

Osteoclast and Osteoblast Development of Mus musculus Haemopoietic Mononucleated Cells. Journal of Biological Sciences 8(3): 506-516.

Janckila, A.J., Nakasato, Y.R., Neustadt, D.H. & Yami, L.T. 2003. Disease-Specific Expression of Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase Isoforms. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 18: 1916–1919.

Krishnan, V. & Davidovitch, Z. 2006. Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 129: 469e.1- 460e.32

Melsen, B. 1999. Biological reaction of alveolar bone to orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthodontic 69: 151- 158.

Numabe, Y., Hisano, A., Kamoi, K., Yoshic, H., Ito, K., Karihara, H. & Nomura, Y. 2004. Analysis of air liur for periodontal diagnosis and monitoring. Periodontology 40: 115-119.

Perinetti, G., Paolantonio, M., D’Attilio, M., D’Archivio, D., Tripodi, D. & Festa, F. 2002. Alkaline phosphatase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during human orthodontic tooth movement. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 122: 548–556.

Perinetti, G., Serra, E., Paolantonio, M., Bruè, C., Di Meo, S., Filippi, M.R., Festa, F., & Spoto, G. 2005. Lactate dehydrogenase activity in human gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment: A controlled, short-term longitudinal study. Journal of Periodontology 76(3): 411- 417.

Perinetti, G., Varvara, G., Salini, L. & Tetè, S. 2005. Alkaline phosphatase activity in dental pulp of orthodontically treated teeth. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 128: 492-496.

Serra, E., Perinetti, G., D’Attilio, M., Cordella, C., Paolantonio, M., Festa, F. & Spoto, G. 2003. Lactate dehydrogenase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 124(2): 206-211.

Stucki, U., Schnid, J., Hammerle, C. & Lang, N. 2001. Temporal and local appearance of alkaline phosphatase activity in early stages of guided bone regeneration. Clinical Oral Implants Research 12: 121-127.

Wang, W., Sun, X. & Jin, W. 2003. Determination of lactate dehydrogenase in human erythrocytes by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. Journal of Chromatography B 798: 175–178.

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: hisham@ukm.my