Sains Malaysiana 39(4)(2010): 549–555

Penggunaan Biopenunjuk Multispesies Air Tawar dalam Menilai Perubahan Kelakuan Ikan Gapi Poecilia reticulata dan Udang Air Tawar, Macrobrachium lanchesteri terhadap Logam Kadmium

(Use of Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor (MFB) to Assess Behavioral Changes of

Guppy Poecilia reticulata and Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium lanchesteri in Response to Cadmium)

M. Shuhaimi-Othman*, M. Azmah & A.K. Ahmad

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

Diserahkan: 21 Ogos 2009 / Diterima: 21 Januari 2010

ABSTRAK

Biomonitor Multispesies Air Tawar (Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor¨) (MFB) menggunakan pengukuran dan analisis pelbagai kelakuan daripada pelbagai jenis organisma akuatik untuk memantau kualiti air dalam ekosistem air tawar. Kajian ini dijalankan di dalam makmal bagi menentukan respons spesifik udang air tawar (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) dan ikan gapi (Poecilia reticulata) terhadap logam berat kadmium (Cd). Kepekatan Cd yang berbeza didedahkan kepada M. lanchesteri (1 ppb dan 10 ppb) dan P. reticulata (100 ppb dan 560 ppb) dan perubahan perilaku setiap organisma direkod dengan MFB selama 2 jam. Hasil yang diperolehi menunjukkan peningkatan respons pergerakan dan ventilasi udang air tawar dan ikan dengan peningkatan kepekatan pendedahan kepada logam Cd. Kajian ini menunjukkan udang memberi respons yang lebih sensitif kepada logam Cd berbanding ikan gapi dan spesies tempatan ini sesuai digunakan sebagai organisma penunjuk untuk MFB.

Kata kunci: Kadmium; Macrobrachium lanchesteri; pencemaran air; Poecilia reticulat

Abstract

The Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor¨ (MFB) uses the measurement and analysis of different types of behaviours from different aquatic organisms for monitoring the water quality in freshwater ecosystem. The aim of this study was to determine the specific response of freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) and guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) to cadmium (Cd) in the laboratory. Different concentrations of Cd were exposed to M. lanchesteri (1 ppb and 10 ppb) and P. reticulata (100 ppb and 560 ppb) and the behavioural changes of the organisms were recorded by MFB for 2 hours. Results showed that the behavioural and ventilation response of M. lanchesteri and P. reticulata increased with increasing exposure concentrations of Cd. Results also showed that the shrimp was more sensitive to Cd than the guppy fish and these local species were suitable as indicator organism for the MFB.

Keywords: Cadmium; Macrobrachium lanchesteri; Poecilia reticulata; water pollution

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^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: shuhaimi@ukm.my