Sains Malaysiana 39(6)(2010): 913–920

Kesan Kadar Nitrogen Terhadap Populasi Lalat Putih (Bemisia tabaci) pada Tanaman Cili (Capsicum annum L.)

 (Effect of Nitrogen Rates on the Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) Population Infesting Chilli (Capsicum annum L.))

M. Zurina*¹, M.N. Mohamad Roff² & A.B. Idris¹

¹Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²Bahagian Hortikultur, Stesen Ibu Pejabat

MARDI Serdang, Peti Surat 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 3 Februari 2009 / Diterima: 6 April 2010

ABSTRAK

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) merupakan spesies lalat putih utama dan berbahaya kepada pertanian. Kajian telah dijalankan di Stesen MARDI Jalan Kebun, Klang, Selangor dari 9 September 2006 hingga 11 November 2007. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menilai kesan populasi lalat putih terhadap tanaman cili yang diberi kadar nitrogen yang berbeza (0, 33, 43, 53 g/pokok). Keputusan kajian menunjukkan pokok cili yang dibaja dengan kadar nitrogen yang tinggi menyebabkan peningkatan yang bererti (P<0.05) kepada populasi B. tabaci peringkat belum matang berbanding pada pokok cili yang dibajakan nitrogen pada kadar rendah. Min bilangan B. tabaci pada peringkat belum matang per aras kanopi adalah berbeza secara signifikan (P<0.05) antara aras kanopi dan antara perlakuan. Secara amnya, min bilangan telur dan larva B. tabaci adalah lebih tinggi secara bererti (P<0.05) pada aras kanopi atas berbanding tengah dan bawah. Walau bagaimanapun, min bilangan pupa B. tabaci adalah tinggi secara signifikan (P<0.05) pada aras kanopi bawah berbanding aras kanopi atas dan tengah. Min bilangan B. tabaci pada peringkat belum matang adalah berbeza secara bererti (P<0,05) mengikut minggu selepas pokok cili ditanam pada semua perlakuan. Secara amnya, populasi B. tabaci lebih tinggi semasa awal musim penanaman dan menurun selepasnya hingga ke akhir musim kecuali pada minggu ketiga dan ketujuh selepas pokok cili di tanam.

Kata kunci: Baja nitrogen; Bemicia tabaci; Capsicum annum; cili; lalat putih; Malaysia

ABSTRACT

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is considered the most important whitefly species harmful to agriculture. Experiments were conducted at MARDI Station in Jalan Kebun, Klang, Selangor from 9 September 2006 to 11 November 2007. The objective of this study was to evaluate the population of whitefly on chilli plants fertilised with different rates of nitrogen (0, 33, 43, 53 g/plant). The results showed that high rates of nitrogen treatment significantly (P<0.05) increased B. tabaci immature population as compared to lower rate treatments. The mean number of B. tabaci immature per plant stratum was significantly different (P<0.05) among plant strata as well as among the treatments. Generally, the mean number of B. tabaci eggs and larvae was significantly (P<0.05) greater in the upper strata than in the middle and lower plant strata. Whereas, the mean number of B. tabaci pupa was significantly greater in the lower strata than in the upper and middle plant strata. The mean number of B. tabaci immature was significantly different (P<0.05) among the sampling periods in all treatment. Generally, B. tabaci population was significantly greater during the early season and gradually declined as the season progressed except during the third and seventh week after transplanting.

Keywords: Bemicia tabaci; Capsicum annum; chilli; Malaysia; nitrogen fertilizer; white fly

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*Pengarang surat-menyurat; email: idrisgh@ukm.my