Sains Malaysiana
39(6)(2010): 989–997
Micro-structure
and Engineering Behaviour of Weakly Bonded Soil
(Mikro-struktur dan Sifat Kejuruteraan
Tanah Berikatan Lemah)
Z. Ali Rahman*
Faculty of Sciences
and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia
D.G. Toll
School of
Engineering, University of Durham, South Road Durham DH1 3LE
England, United Kingdom
D. Gallipoli
Department of Civil
Engineering, University of Glasgow
Glasgow G12 8LT,
Scotland, United Kingdom
M.R. Taha
Faculty of
Engineering and Architecture
Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 5 Oktober
2009 / Diterima: 30 April 2010
ABSTRACT
This
study was carried out to investigate the undrained behaviour of weakly bonded
soil. Artificial specimens were used and were prepared from a mixture of sand
and kaolin. The mixture was fired at 500¡C for 5 h to create uniform strength
of artificial weakly bonding between sand particles. Based on microscopic
observation of the specimens revealed that the fired kaolin formed bridges
between the sand particles and most of the sand particles were entirely coated
by kaolin. It was observed that very few sand grains made a direct grain to
grain contact. The occurrences of inter-particle voids either isolated or
connected to form larger voids. Fissures found in between the bonding and the
grains were due to high temperature firing. A series of consolidated undrained
tests (CU) were performed using conventional triaxial compression test.
The stress ratio curves for the bonded specimens showed a significant peak at
early strain and the values of maximum stress ratios dropped with increasing
applied confining stresses. For the destructured (or unbounded) specimens, no
apparent peaks were observed and the stress values were slightly lower compared
to that of bonded specimens. The bounding surface for the destructured
specimens is represented by a straight line equivalent to stress ratio of 1.24.
This line is equivalent to strength parameters of internal friction angle,
φ’ and cohesion intercept, c’ of 31o and 21 kPa, respectively.
Meanwhile, the bounding surface for the bonded specimens is indicated by some
curvature at low stress (p′<150
kPa) and high stresses (p′>1100 kPa). The study clearly
suggested the role of bonding on the engineering behaviour of residual soils in
undrained conditions.
Keywords:
Bonded soil; residual soil; undrained tests; void ratio
ABSTRAK
Kajian
telah dilakukan bagi menyiasat sifat tidak bersalir bagi tanah berikatan lemah.
Spesimen buatan telah digunakan dan disediakan daripada campuran pasir dan
kaolin. Campuran tersebut dibakar pada suhu 500¡C selama 5 jam untuk
menghasilkan ikatan lemah buatan dengan berkekuatan sekata antara butiran pasir.
Pemerhatian mikroskop terhadap spesimen mendedahkan pembentukan jejambat kaolin
di antara butiran pasir dan kebanyakan partikel pasir disaluti oleh kaolin.
Sedikit persentuhan terus antara butiran ke butiran diperhatikan. Kehadiran
reruang antara butiran sama ada terasing atau berhubungan membentuk reruang
yang lebih besar. Rekahan-rekahan yang ditemui di antara pengikatan dan butiran
adalah disebabkan oleh kesan pembakaran pada suhu yang tinggi. Siri ujian
terkukuh tidak bersalir (CU)
telah dilakukan menggunakan ujian konvensional mampatan tiga paksi.
Lengkok-lengkok nisbah tegasan bagi spesimen berikatan menunjukkan puncak yang
ketara pada awal terikan dan nilai-nilai maksima nisbah tegasan menyusut dengan
peningkatan tegasan mengurung yang digunakan. Bagi spesimen tak berstruktur
(tidak berikatan), tiada puncak yang jelas diperhatikan dan nilai-nilai tegasan
adalah lebih rendah berbanding spesimen berikatan. Permukaan sempadan bagi
spesimen tidak berikatan diwakili oleh garis lurus setara dengan nisbah tegasan
1.24. Garisan ini setara dengan parameter kekuatan bagi sudut geseran dalam,
φ’ dan pintasan jelekit, c’ masing-masing sebanyak 31o dan 21 kPa.
Manakala permukaan sempadan bagi spesimen berikatan pula ditunjukkan oleh
sedikit lengkungan pada tegasan rendah (p′<150 kPa) dan tegasan tinggi
(p′>1100 kPa). Kajian ini jelas mencadangkan peranan pengikatan di
dalam lakuan kejuruteraan tanah baki dalam keadaan tidak bersalir.
Kata
kunci: Nisbah liang; tanah baki; tanah berikatan; ujian tidak bersalir
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: zarah1970@ukm.my
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