Sains Malaysiana 40(10)(2011): 1129–1137

Pemeliharaan Sycanus dichotomus Stal. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Serangga Pemangsa Ulat Bungkus Tanaman Sawit, Metisa plana

(Lepidoptera: Psychidae) Walker di Makmal

(Laboratory Rearing of Sycanus dichotomus Stal. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Insect Predator

of Oil Palm Bagworm, Metisa plana Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae))

J. Syari, R. Muhamad

Jabatan Perlindungan Tumbuhan, Fakulti Pertanian, Universiti Putra Malaysia

43400 Serdang Selangor D.E.Malaysia

K. Norman

Lembaga Minyak Sawit Malaysia, No. 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi

43000 Kajang Selangor D.E Malaysia

A.B. Ghani*

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor D.E. Malaysia

Diserahkan: 30 Mac 2010/Diterima: 31 Januari 2011

ABSTRAK

Kajian untuk memelihara Sycanus dichotomus Stal. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), serangga pemangsa ulat bungkus tanaman sawit, Metisa plana Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) dengan menggunakan larva dua spesies serangga, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) dan Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) telah dilakukan di makmal. Kemandirian hidup (%), bilangan telur yang menetas dan tempoh (hari) perkembangan pemangsa (lima peringkat nimfa) telah direkodkan. Min tempoh perkembangan pemangsa peringkat nimfa pertama hingga kelima pemangsa apabila diberi makan larva C. cephalonica masing-masingnya adalah 15.16, 12.09, 11.63, 14.25 dan 18.53 hari, manakala 15.21, 12.34, 12.64, 14.84 dan 21.89 hari apabila diberi makan T. molitor. Min masa perkembangan dari peringkat telur hingga dewasa S. dichotomus apabila diberi makan larva T. molitor adalah lebih lama (156.5 hari) dan berbeza secara bererti (t = 6.51; dk = 87; p < 0.05) berbanding apabila diberi makan dengan larva C. cephalonica (122.8 hari). Peratus kemandirian hidup S. dichotomus daripada peringkat nimfa pertama hingga dewasa adalah lebih tinggi (81%) apabila diberi larva T. molitor berbanding larva C. cephalonica (76%) sebagai makanan. Julat bilangan telur yang menetas apabila diberi makan larva T. molitor adalah antara 46.6 hingga 77.6 ekor. Keputusan menunjukkan S. dichotomus boleh dipelihara dengan menggunakan larva T. molitor sebagai makanan. Keputusan kajian ini juga diharapkan menjadi titik tolak permulaan penyelidikan seterusnya di dalam bidang hubungan mangsa-pemangsa bagi program kawalan biologi di ladang sawit.

Kata kunci: Corcyra cephalonica; kemandirian hidup; kitar hidup; Sycanus dichotomus; Tenebrio molitor

ABSTRACT

A laboratory study aimed to compare the rearing of Sycanus dichotomus Stal. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), as predator to Metisa plana Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) by using the larvae of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) as alternative preys was conducted. The survivorship (%), hatchability and developmental time of the predator (five nympal stages) were recorded. The mean developmental time from first to fifth nymphal stages of predator fed with the larvae of C. cephalonica was 15.16, 12.09, 11.63, 14.25 and 18.53 days, respectively, whereas larvae T. molitor were 15.21, 12.34, 12.64, 14.84 and 21.89 days, respectively. The period of development taken from eggs to adult when fed on larvae of T. molitor (156.5 days) was significantly longer (t = 6.51; df = 87; p < 0.05) than fed on larvae C. cephalonica (122.8 days). The percentage nymph of S. dichotomus which successfully developed to adult when fed on larvae T. molitor was higher (81%) than when fed on larvae of C. cephalonica (76%). The range of hatchability if fed on larvae T. molitor was between 46.6 and 77.6 eggs. This result showed that mass rearing of S. dichotomus was successful when fed on T. molitor as food. It is hoped that the results of this study can initiate further research on prey-predator relationship with regard to biocontrol programms in oil palm plantations.

Keywords: Corcyra cephalonica; life cycle; Sycanus dichotomus; survivorship; Tenebrio molitor

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*Pengarang untuk surat menyurat, email: idrisgh@ukm.my