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Status Fiziko-kimia Tanih Tapak Pusat Penyelidikan UKM Tasik Chini, Pahang, Malaysia
(Physico-chemical
Status of Soil at the Site of UKM Research
Centre, Tasik Chini, Pahang, Malaysia)
Sahibin Abd. Rahim*, Wan Mohd. Razi Idris,
Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, Tukimat Lihan, Muhd Barzani Gasim, Mohd Nizam M. Said
& Kang Ling Xing
Pusat
Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam
Fakulti
Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600
UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
13 Ogos 2009 / Diterima: 9 Julai 2010
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini dilakukan untuk
menentukan ciri fiziko-kimia, kandungan nutrien dan logam berat dalam tanih di
tapak Pusat Penyelidikan UKM Tasik Chini. Sampel tanih-atas
diambil dari tiga transek pensampelan iaitu T1, T2 dan T3. Dua profil tanih
telah dicerap di transek 1 (T1S1 & T1S3) dan sampel tanih telah diambil
daripada profil dan juga tanih atas untuk penentuan ciri fiziko-kimia,
kandungan nutrien dan logam berat. Bagi sampel tanih-atas, sebanyak empat
stesen pensampelan (S1, S2, S3, S4) telah dipilih di transek 1 (T1), dua stesen
pensampelan (S1, S2) di transek 2 (T2) dan tiga stesen pensampelan (S1, S2, S3)
di transek 3 (T3) telah dipilih. Ciri fiziko-kimia yang ditentukan adalah pH,
kekonduksian elektrik (KE), kapasiti pertukatan kation (KPK),
fosforus, kalium dan magnesium tersedia dan nutrien terlarut, dan logam berat
terpilih. Semua penentuan fiziko-kimia tanih, nutrien tersedia dan terlarut
serta logam berat dilakukan mengikut kaedah penentuan yang piawai. Hasil uji
kaji menunjukkan tekstur tanih didominasi oleh zarahan bersaiz lempung.
Kandungan bahan organik tinggi pada tanih-atas dan berkurangan mengikut
kedalaman. Purata nilai pH tanih di dalam profil dan tanih-atas adalah di
antara 3.66 hingga 4.73 dan ia adalah sangat berasid. Sela purata bagi
kekonduksian elektrik dalam profil dan tanih-atas adalah antara 2412 μScm-1 dan
2742 μScm-1. Purata nilai KPK adalah rendah iaitu antara
4.86 dan 12.58 meq/100g tanih. Kepekatan fosforus, magnesium dan kalium
tersedia masing-masing mempunyai sela antara 1.76 – 3.32 μg/g, 16.80 –
122.23 μg/g dan 20.09 – 30.50 μg/g. Kepekatan nutrien terlarut bagi
sulfat, nitrat-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen dan fosforus masing-masing adalah
37.50 – 1350 μg/g, 12.17 dan 90.00 μg/g, 12.17 to 53.17 μg/g dan
0.05 dan 0.62 μg/g. Kepekatan ferum dan Pb sangat tinggi di T1S1 dan di
horizon bawah profil T1S3. Secara amnya tanih di tapak PPTC adalah
sangat berasid dan mempunyai kandungan nutrien yang rendah. Terdapat bukti
menunjukkan berlaku pengayaan Pb dalam tanih yang menerima pengaruh pasang
surut jasad air tasik.
Kata kunci: Hutan
terganggu; logam berat; nutrien tersedia; pengayaan Pb; Tasik Chini
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out
to determine the physico-chemical properties, nutrient and heavy metal contents
in soil within the UKM Tasik Chini Research Centre.
Top-soil samples were collected from three sampling transects namely T1, T2 and
T3. Two soil profiles from transect 1 (T1S1 & T1S3) were observed and soil
samples were collected from the profiles as well as top-soil for
physico-chemical, nutrient and heavy metal determination. For topsoil samples,
four top-soil sampling stations (S1, S2, S3, S4) were chosen along T1, two
sampling stations (S1 & S2) along T2 and three sampling stations (S1, S2,
S3) along T3. The soil physical properties determined were particle size and
organic matter, whereas chemical properties determined were pH, electrical conductivity
(EC),
cation exchange capacity (CEC), available phosphorus, potassium
and magnesium, soluble nutrient, and selected heavy metals. All
physico-chemical, nutrient and heavy metal determinations follow the normal
standard procedures. Results showed that the textures of the soil were
dominated by clay size particle. Organic matter content was high in the
top-soil and decreased with depth. The average soil pH in the studied profile
and in the top-soil was very acidic with values from 3.66 to 4.73. The average
range of electrical conductivity in soil profile and top-soil was between 2412
μScm-1 and 2742 μScm-1.
The average CEC was low with a range between 4.86 and 12.58 meq/100g.
The concentration of available phosphorus, magnesium and potassium was between
1.76 and 3.32 μg/g, 16.80 and 122.23 μg/g, and 20.09 and 30.50
μg/g, respectively. The concentration of soluble sulphate,
nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen and phosphorus was between 37.50 and 1350
μg/g, 12.17 and 90.00 μg/g, 12.17 to 53.17 μg/g and 0.05 to 0.62
μg/g, respectively. The concentration of ferum and lead was very high in
T1S1 and in the lower horizon of profile T1S3. In general the soil of the PPTC site was very acidic and with low nutrient content. There was
evidence that Pb enrichment occurred in the soil was influenced by tides of
water body.
Keywords: Available
nutrient; disturbed forest; heavy metals; Pb enrichment; Tasik Chini
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*Pengarang surat-menyurat; email: haiyan@ukm.my
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