Sains Malaysiana 40(4)(2011): 305–309
Proliferation and Biochemical Analyses of
Osteoblast/Osteoclast Differentiation from Human Mononucleated Cells
(Analisis Proliferasi dan Biokimia Terhadap Sel
Mononukleus Manusia yang dibezakan kepada Sel Osteoblas/Osteoklas)
Siti Afeefah Mohamad Yusof1, Rohaya Megat Abdul
Wahab2, Sahidan Senafi1, Zaidah Zainal Ariffin3, MohamadAbdul Razak4 & Shahrul HishamZainal Ariffin1 *
1Pusat Pengajian Biosains
& Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi
Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Jabatan Ortodontik, Fakulti Pergigian, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Jalan
Raja Muda Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3Jabatan Mikrobiologi, Fakulti Sains Gunaan, Universiti Teknologi MARA
40450,
Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
4Jabatan Ortopedik, Pusat
Perubatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Jalan
Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
9 Disember 2009 / Diterima: 21 Oktober 2010
ABSTRACT
Stem cell is defined as the ability of the cell to proliferate
themselves and differentiate into more than one type of cells. Human
mononucleated cell (MN cell) is a suspension cell that was
isolated from peripheral blood that was originated from monocyte-machrophage
lineage or hematopoietic stem cells. The cells were cultured for 30 days in
complete media (CM) which consist of Alpha Minimal
Essential Medium (αMEM) with 2% (v/v) Penicillin-Streptomycin and 10%
(v/v) Newborn Calf Serum (NBCS). The respective cells were
differentiated at day 7 after in vitro proliferation in CM into
osteoblastic cells by adding ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate. In
addition, human recombinant Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-β Ligand
(hrRANKL) and human recombinant Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (hrM-CSF)
were added to induce osteoclastic differentiation of MN cells.
Cells that were cultured in CM served as a control and were
subjected to the same approach as differentiated cells. The 30 days cultured
cells in CM showed a significant increment (p < 0.05) of viable
cells compared to day 0 (n=3). The specific activity of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
for osteoblast differentiation and Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP)
for osteoclast differentiation were evaluated via biochemical assay until day
14 and day 10 for osteoblast and osteoclast sample, respectively. ALP and TRAP enzyme showed a significant increment (p < 0.05) after 14 and
10 days of differentiation compared to control cells. As a conclusion, human
mononucleated cells are believed to have the potential to be defined as a
multipotent stem cell based on their fulfillment of stem cell characteristics.
Keywords: Enzymological analysis; mononucleated; Osteoblast;
Osteoclast
ABSTRAK
Sel stem ialah sel yang mempunyai keupayaan mengganda dan
membeza kepada lebih daripada satu jenis sel. Sel mononukleus (MN)
manusia merupakan sel terampai yang diasingkan daripada sel darah periferi;
berasal daripada turunan monosit-makrofaj iaitu merupakan sel stem hematopoitik.
Sel tersebut dikultur selama 30 hari di dalam media lengkap (CM)
yang mengandungi ‘Alpha Minimal Essential Medium’ (αMEM), 2% (v/v)
Penisilin-Streptomicin and 10% (v/v) ‘Newborn Calf Serum’ (NBCS).
Sel mononukleus dibezakan pada hari ketujuh pengkulturan in vitro kepada sel
osteoblas dengan menambahkan asid askorbik dan β-gliserofosfat. Bagi
mengaruhkan pembezaan MN kepada sel osteoklas, ‘Receptor
Activator of Nuclear Factor-β Ligand’ rekombinan manusia (hrRANKL) dan
‘Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor’ rekombinan manusia (hrM-CSF) ditambahkan
ke dalam CM. Sel yang dikultur di dalam CM bertindak
sebagai kawalan. Sel yang dikultur selama 30 hari di dalam CM menunjukkan
peningkatan sel viabel yang signifikan (p < 0.05) berbanding hari 0 (n=3). Analisis
biokimia dilakukan terhadap enzim Alkalin Fosfatase (ALP)
bagi sel osteoblas sehingga hari 14 pembezaan dan enzim Asid Fosfatase Rintang
Tartrat (TRAP) bagi sel osteoklas sehingga hari 10 pembezaan.
Enzim ALP dan TRAP pada sel osteoblas dan sel
osteoklas masing-masing menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan (p < 0.05)
pada hari 14 dan 10 berbanding sel kawalan. Sebagai kesimpulan, sel MN manusia
dipercayai mempunyai potensi untuk dikelaskan sebagai sel stem multipoten
kerana memenuhi ciri-ciri sel stem yang telah disebutkan.
Kata kunci:
Analisis enzimologi; mononukleus; Osteoblas; Osteoklas
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*Pengarang untuk
surat-menyurat; email: hisham@ukm.my
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