Sains Malaysiana 40(4)(2011): 311–316
In Vivo Production of Nosema bombycis Spores
and their Efficacies against Diamondback Moth and Beet Armyworm Larvae in
Laboratory Conditions
(Penghasilan Spora Nosema bombycis Secara In
Vivo dan Keberkesanannya terhadap Larva Rama-rama Belakang Intan dan Ulat
Ratus dalam Makmal)
Syarafina Ramli* & B.A.H. Zainal-Abidin
School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and
Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
A.B. Idris
School of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Faculty
of Science and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkana: 9 Disember 2009 / Diterima: 12 Ogos 2010
ABSTRACT
Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella and
beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua are major
insect pests of crucifer crops found worldwide. Since these pests are highly
resistant to many chemical insecticides, using biological control agent(s) or
biopesticides might be a good choice to overcome this problem. Nosema bombycis
is a microsporidial pathogen with the potential to control insect pests. This
study was aimed at producing N. bombycis spores in vivo and to test their
efficacies against DBM and BAW in
laboratory conditions. Production of this pathogen was carried out by feeding
both DBM and BAW larval instars with
artificial diet inoculated with viable spores of N. bombycis. Spore
concentrations in the larvae were determined and accumulated. If a
concentration of 1.56×108 spores/mL
was obtained, the production was continued. For laboratory efficacy tests,
artificial diets with different spore concentrations namely 1×104,
1×105 and 1×106 spores/μL
were fed to different larval instar. Mortality rates were analysed using the
Two-way ANOVA test. For both DBM and BAW,
third instar showed the highest mean mortality rates and the mortality in each
instars were significantly different (P<0.05). The concentration 1×106 spores/μL
caused the highest mean mortality rates and each concentration resulted in
significantly different mortality (P<0.05). However, there was no
interaction between both factors, where a combination of spore concentrations
and instars did not show any significant differences (P>0.05). These results
indicated that third instar larvae for both species and 1×106 spores/μL
treatments demonstrated the highest efficacy rates.
Keywords: Nosema bombycis; Plutella xylostella; Spodoptera
exigua
ABSTRAK
Rama-rama belakang intan atau diamondback moth (DBM),
Plutella xylostella dan ulat ratus atau beet armyworm (BAW),
Spodoptera sp merupakan serangga perosak utama tanaman kubis di seluruh dunia.
Masalah kerintangan serangga perosak ini terhadap insektisid kimia mendorong
penggunaan biopestisid sebagai jalan penyelesaian. Nosema bombycis merupakan
patogen mikrosporidia yang berpotensi untuk mengawal serangga perosak. Objektif
kajian ini ialah menghasilkan spora Nosema bombycis secara in vivo dan mengkaji
keberkesanannya mengawal DBM dan BAW dalam
keadaan makmal. Bagi penghasilan spora, larva DBM dan BAW dijangkitkan dengan Nosema bombycis melalui diet buatan.
Kepekatan spora dalam larva ditentukan dan hasil yang diperolehi adalah 1.56×108 spora/mL,
seterusnya penghasilan spora itu diteruskan. Keberkesanannya dalam makmal
dikaji dengan menjangkitkan kepekatan spora yang berbeza, iaitu 1×104,
1×105 dan 1×106 spora/μL
kepada larva instar berbeza melalui diet buatan. Kadar mortaliti dianalisis
menggunakan ujian ANOVA 2 Hala. Bagi kedua-dua DBM dan BAW,
min kadar mortaliti yang tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh instar ketiga dan terdapat
perbezaan kadar mortaliti yang beerti antara instar berlainan (P<0.05).
Kepekatan 1×106 spora/μL
menyebabkan min kadar mortaliti yang tertinggi dan perbezaan beerti ditunjukkan
pada kadar mortaliti kepekatan spora berbeza (P<0.05). Walau bagaimanapun,
tiada interaksi antara kedua-dua faktor tersebut di mana gabungan kepekatan dan
instar tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang beerti (P>0.05). Hasil kajian
tersebut menunjukkan instar ketiga kedua-dua spesies dan kepekatan spora 1×106 spora/μL
menyebabkan kadar keberkesanan yang paling tinggi.
Kata kunci: Nosema
bombycis; Plutella xylostella; Spodoptera exigua
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; e-mail: eina_syara_fina@yahoo.com
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