Sains Malaysiana 40(4)(2011): 339–343
An Effective Protocol for Callus Induction with Milk Clotting Activity from Solanum dubium Seeds
(Protokol Berkesan bagi Induksi Kalus dengan Aktiviti
Pembekuan Susu daripada Biji Benih Solanum dubium)
Fatima Musbah Abbas1 *, Elbushra Elsheikhelnur2, Normah Mohd Noor1, Eisa Algaali3, Zainon Mohd Ali4 & Roohaida Othman4
1Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 Bangi,
Selangor D.E., Malaysia
2Faculty of Science, University of
Khartoum
P. O. Box 321, 11115 Khartoum, Sudan
3Commissions of Biotechnology and Genetic
Engineers
Ministry of
Science and Technology, Sudan
4School of Biosciences and Biotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology
University
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
Diserahkan: 9
Disember 2009 / Diterima: 24 Jun 2010
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to establish an effective protocol for
callus induction from the seed explants of Solanum dubium and to investigate the callus extract
ability in milk clotting activity. The effects of growth regulator, basal media
strength and sucrose were studied using different concentrations (0.5, 1.0,
1.5, and 2.0 mg/L) of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),
indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)
and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) alone or in combination with 0.5
mg/L of 6-benzylamino purine (BAP). For milk clotting
activity, about 50 or 100 μL extracts of seed callus was mixed with 2 mL
50% milk held at 55°C for 5 and 10 min until milk clotting occurred. The
results showed that NAA alone or in combination with BAP gave
a higher callusing percentage (80 to100%) compared to the other plant growth
regulators at the same concentrations. When an auxin was supplied in
combination with BAP, a significant increase in
callusing percentage or degree of callusing was observed. The time required for
callus to be developed was shortened and the quality of the induced callus
improved. An increase in callus growth in low sucrose (10 g/L) concentration was
found be comparable (88%) to high sucrose concentration (30 g/L; 60%). Crude
extracts obtained from S. dubium callus was shown to exhibit milk
clotting activity.
Keywords: Auxin; callus; Gubbien; milk clotting activity; Solanum dubium
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mendapatkan protokol yang berkesan
bagi penginduksian kalus daripada eksplan biji benih Solanum dubium dan untuk mengkaji
keupayaan ekstrak kalus dalam aktiviti pembekuan susu. Kesan pengawalatur
pertumbuhan, medium asas, kekuatan medium dan kepekatan sukrosa telah dikaji
menggunakan kepekatan pengawal atur pertumbuhan (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, dan 2.0 mg/L)
asid indol-3-asetik (IAA), asid indol-3-butirik (IBA),
asid naftalena asetik (NAA) dan asid
2,4-diklorofenoksi–asetik (2,4-D) sendiri atau berkombinasi dengan 0.5 mg/L
6-benzilamino purina (BAP) digunakan. Untuk pembekuan susu,
50 atau 100 μL ekstrak kalus biji benih dicampur dengan 2 mL 50% susu pada
55°C untuk 5 dan 10 min sehingga pembekuan susu berlaku. Hasil menunjukkan NAA sendiri
atau bersama dengan BAP memberi peratus pembentukan kalus
yang lebih tinggi berbanding pengawal atur pertumbuhan lain pada kepekatan
sama. Apabila auksin diberi bersama BAP, pertambahan yang
signifikan dilihat dalam peratus atau tahap pembentukan kalus. Masa untuk
pembentukan kalus telah disingkatkan dan kualiti kalus didapati adalah lebih
baik. Peningkatan pembentukan kalus (88%) yang dicerap pada medium yang
mengandungi kepekatan sukrosa yang rendah (10 g/L) didapati setanding dengan
medium yang mengandungi sukrosa lebih tinggi (30 g/L; 60%). Ekstrak kasar
daripada kalus S. dubium didapati menunjukkan aktiviti pembekuan susu.
Kata kunci:
Aktiviti pembekuan susu; auksin; Gubbien; kalus; Solanum dubium
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
fatimamisbah@hotmail.com
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