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Sains Malaysiana 40(6)(2011): 587–594
Biodiesel Production via Transesterification of Palm Oil
Using NaOH/Al2O3 Catalysts
(Pengeluaran Biodiesel Melalui Pengtransesteran Minyak
Sawit dengan Menggunakan Mangkin NaOH/Al2O3)
Taufiq
Yap Yun Hin* & Nurul Fitriyah binti Abdullah
Centre
of Excellence for Catalysis Science and Technology and Department of Chemistry
Faculty
of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Mahiran
Basri
Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia
43400
UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
15 April 2010 / Diterima: 25 Oktober 2010
ABSTRACT
Due to the increase in price of petroleum and environmental
concerns, the search for alternative fuels has gained importance. In this work,
biodiesel production by transesterification of palm oil with methanol has been
studied in a heterogeneous system using sodium hydroxide loaded on alumina
(NaOH/Al2O3). NaOH/Al2O3 catalyst
was prepared by impregnation of alumina with different amount of an aqueous
solution of sodium hydroxide followed by calcination in air for 3 h. The
prepared catalysts were then characterized by using x-ray diffraction (XRD),
Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR),
Brunner-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement (BET),
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and temperature-programmed
desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD).
Moreover, the dependence of the conversion of palm oil on the reactions
variables such as the molar ratio of methanol/oil, the amount of catalysts
used, reaction temperatures and reaction times were performed. The conversion
of 99% was achieved under the optimum reaction conditions. The biodiesel
obtained was characterized by FT-IR and
the pour point was measured.
Keywords: Biodiesel; heterogeneous catalyst; palm oil;
transesterification
ABSTRAK
Disebabkan oleh kenaikan harga minyak mentah dan keperihatinan
terhadap alam sekitar, penyelidikan terhadap bahan bakar alternatif telah
menjadi lebih penting. Dalam kajian ini, pengeluaran biodiesel melalui
pengtransesteran minyak sawit dengan metanol telah dikaji dalam sistem
heterogen menggunakan natrium hidroksida yang dimuatkan atas alumina (NaOH/Al2O3).
Mangkin NaOH/Al2O3 telah
disediakan dengan proses impregnasi alumina dengan larutan sodium hidroksida
dengan jumlah yang berbeza diikuti dengan pengkalsinan dalam udara selama 3
jam. Mangkin yang telah disediakan kemudiannya dicirikan dengan menggunakan
pembelauan sinar-X (XRD), spektrometer Fourier Transform
infra merah (FT-IR), pengukuran luas permukaan
Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET), imbasan mikroskop elektron (SEM)
dan Penyahjerapan CO2 Suhu
Berprogram (CO2-TPD).
Selain itu, kebergantungan penukaran minyak sawit kepada hasil pada
pembolehubah tindak balas seperti nisbah molar metanol/minyak, jumlah mangkin
yang digunakan, suhu tindak balas dan masa tindak balas turut dikaji. 99% hasil
diperoleh di bawah keadaan tindak balas optimum. Biodiesel yang diperoleh
dicirikan dengan FT-IR dan
takat tuang diukur.
Kata kunci: Biodiesel; mangkin heterogen; minyak sawit;
pengtransesteran
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Taufiq Yap Yun Hin* &
Nurul Fitriyah binti Abdullah
*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: yap@fsas.upm.edu.my
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