Sains Malaysiana 40(6)(2011): 595–599
Allicin-Induced Cellular Destruction of Haemoflagellate
Protozoa, Trypanosoma evansi In Mice
(Kemusnahan Sel Protozoa Hemoflagelat Trypanosoma
evansi Aruhan Alisin dalam Mencit)
B. A. H. Zainal-Abidin*
& Mohd Shukri Hj Baba
Pusat
Pengajian Biosains & Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains & Teknologi
Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
Diserahkan:
21 Mei 2010 / Diterima: 25 Oktober 2010
ABSTRACT
Allicin or diallyl thiosulfinate (C3H5SS(O)C3H5),
an active compound of garlic (Allium sativum) is known for its pharmaceutical properties.
In this study, the cellular destructive effects of allicin on a haemoflagellate
protozoa parasite Trypanosoma evansi was investigated. Groups of male ICR mice
were infected with a lethal dose of the parasite (1×105 parasites
per mouse) and each group was either treated intraperitoneally with berenil
(0.01 mL per mouse, a commercial anti-trypanosomal drug) on D+3 post-infection
as the positive control group, treated orally with allicin (0.1 mL of 15
μg/mL allicin solution per mouse) for 30 days starting from D-7
pre-infection as the experimental group, or left untreated as the negative
control group. Thin-stained blood smears were prepared from each mouse every
alternate day, starting from D+3 post-infection and continued until the animal
succumbed or until D+90 post-infection. Parasitaemias were determined using
light microscope. Unstained blood smears were also prepared for direct
observation under Phillips XL30 and Leo 1450VP scanning electron microscopes.
All mice in the negative group succumbed to the infection with drastic increase
of parasitaemias while all the positive control mice had minimal parasitaemias
and cleared from the infection and survived for more than 100 days. On the
other hand mice in the experimental group, experienced a prolonged suppressed
parasitaemias which became patent later and caused death to all mice.
Micrograph observations of parasites in the positive group showed that the parasites
had adverse morphological changes due to berenil treatment which lead to cell
destruction and death within 5 – 6 hours post-treatment. Likewise parasites in
the experimental group too had undergone profound physical damages which caused
cell death. This is the first report which shows that allicin actually induced
cellular damage to haemoflagellate cells of T. evansi in vivo.
Keywords: Allicin; cellular destruction; haemoflagellate
protozoa; parasitaemia; Trypanosoma
evansi
ABSTRAK
Alisin atau ‘diallyl thiosulfinate’ (C3H5SS(O)C3H5)
adalah sebatian aktif bawang putih (Allium sativum) yang mempunyai banyak khasiat farmaseutikal.
Dalam kajian ini kesan kemusnahan alisin ke atas sel parasit protozoa
hemoflagelat Trypanosoma evansi telah diselidiki. Kumpulan-kumpulan
mencit jantan strain ICR telah dijangkitkan dengan takaran
maut parasit (1×105 parasit per mencit) dan setiap
kumpulan mencit sama ada dirawat dengan berenil iaitu sejenis dadah
anti-tripanosom kemersial secara suntikan intraperitonem pada hari D+3
pasca-jangkitan (kumpulan kawalan positif), atau mencit dirawat dengan alisin
secara oral (0.1 mL of 15 μg/mL larutan alisin per mencit) selama 30 hari
bermula pada hari D-7 pasca-jangkitan (kumpulan kajian), atau mencit tidak
mendapat sebarang rawatan (kumpulan kawalan negatif). Slaid darah calitan nipis
terwarna disediakan daripada setiap ekor mencit berselang hari bermula pada
hari D+3 sehingga mencit maut atau sehingga hari D+90 pos-jangkitan.
Parasitemia telah ditentukan di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Calitan darah tak
berwarna turut disediakan untuk cerapan langsung menggunakan mikroskop elektron
pengimbasan Phillips XL30 dan Leo 1450VP. Didapati semua mencit kumpulan
kawalan negatif mati akibat peningktan parasitemia yang cepat manakala mencit dalam
kumpulan kawalan positif menunjukkan parasitemia yang minima dan bebas daripada
jangkitan parasit dan bermandiri melebihi 100 hari. Sebaliknya mencit dalam
kumpulan kajian mengalami perkembangan parasitemia tertindas yang kemudiannya
meningkat semula dan menyebabkan kematian mencit. Cerapan ke atas mikrograf
darah daripada kumpulan kawalan positif menunjukkan morfologi parasit mengalami
kerosakan teruk kesan tindakan berenil yang menyebabkan kemusnahan dan kematian
sel parasit 5-6 jam pasca-rawatan. Sebagai perbandingan parasit daripada
kumpulan kajian juga mengalami kerosakan fizikal yang parah dan membawa kepada
kematian. Hasil kajian ini merupakan laporan pertama yang menunjukkan alisin
mengaruh kemusnahan sel-sel parasit T. evansi secara in vivo.
Kata kunci: Alisin;
kemusnahan sel; parasitemia; protozoa hemoflagelat; Trypanosoma evansi
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*Pengarang untuk
surat-menyurat; e-mail: zainala@ukm.my
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