Sains
Malaysiana 40(7)(2011): 729–735
Blends
of LNR with Unsaturated Polyester Resin from Recycled PET: Comparison of Mechanical Properties and Morphological
Analysis with the Optimum Blend by Commercial Resin
(Adunan LNR dan Resin Poliester Tak Tepu daripada Hasil Kitar Semula PET: Perbandingan Sifat Mekanik dan Morfologi
dengan Adunan Optimum daripada Resin Komersil)
Siti Farhana Hisham, Ishak Ahmad*, Rusli Daik
& Anita Ramli
School
of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor
D.E., Malaysia
Ishak Ahmad & Rusli Daik
Polymer Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
Anita Ramli
Chemical Engineering Department, Technology University of
PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar
31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 23 Oktober 2009 / Diterima: 12 Oktober 2010
ABSTRACT
In
this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)
wastes bottle was recycled by glycolysis process using ethylene glycol. The
unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) was then prepared by
reacting the glycolysed product with maleic anhydride. The blend of UPR based
on recycled PET wastes with liquid natural rubber (LNR)
was carried out by varying the amount of LNR from 0 to 7.5 wt%.
Mechanical tests such as tensile and impact were conducted to investigate the
effects of LNR on the mechanical properties. Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the morphology of the breaking
area resulted from the tensile tests on the UPR and
blend samples. From the results, the blend of 2.5 wt% LNR in UPR based recycled PET wastes achieved the highest
strength in the mechanical properties and showed a well dispersed of elastomer
particles in the sample morphology compared to other blends concentrations.
This blend sample was then compared to the optimum blend of LNR with
commercial resin through the glass transition temperature value Tg,
mechanical strength and morphology properties. The comparison study showed that
the Tg for UPR based recycled PET was
higher than the value represented from commercial resin due to the degree of
crystalinity in the molecular structure of the materials. LNR was
found to be an effective impact modifier which gave a greater improvement in UPR from
recycled PET wastes structure but not to the commercial one which
needs 5% LNR to achieve the optimum properties. Thus, the
compatibility between the UP resin based recycled PET and LNR was much better than with the commercial resin.
Keywords:
Glycolysis; liquid natural rubber (LNR); recycled PET;
unsaturated polyester resin (UPR)
ABSTRAK
Dalam
kajian ini, bahan buangan botol minuman poli(etilena tereftalat) (PET)
telah dikitar semula melalui proses glikolisis menggunakan etilena glikol.
Kemudian, hasil glikolisis telah ditindak balas dengan malik anhidrida bagi
menghasilkan resin poliester tak tepu (UPR). Adunan cecair getah asli
(LNR)
dengan UPR daripada hasil kitar semula PET disediakan
dengan mengubah amaun penambahan LNR ke dalam UPR daripada
0 hingga 7.5% mengikut berat. Ujian mekanik seperti ujian tegangan dan hentaman
telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan penambahan LNR ke
atas sifat mekanik UPR manakala Mikroskopi Elektron
Imbasan (SEM) digunakan untuk menganalisis morfologi pada kawasan
putus bagi sampel UPR dan adunan selepas melalui ujian
regangan. Kajian ini menunjukkan adunan dengan 2.5% LNR dalam UPR daripada hasil kitar semula PET telah
mencapai sifat mekanik yang paling tinggi dan mempunyai morfologi partikel
getah yang tersebar dengan sekata ke seluruh bahagian matrik berbanding sampel
dengan komposisi yang lain. Komposisi adunan ini kemudiannya dipilih untuk
dibandingkan dengan sampel optimum adunan LNR dengan UPR komersil melalui nilai suhu peralihan kaca Tg,
kekuatan sifat mekanik dan sifat morfologi. Hasil daripada perbandingan
menunjukkan, UPR daripada hasil kitar semula PET mempunyai
nilai Tg yang lebih tinggi daripada resin komersil kerana dipengaruhi
oleh faktor darjah kehabluran dalam struktur molekul bahan tersebut. Penggunaan LNR sebagai bahan modifikasi dalam meningkatkan kekuatan hentaman
adalah lebih efektif ke atas resin daripada hasil kitar semula PET berbanding
penggunaannya ke atas resin komersil yang memerlukan sebanyak 5% LNR untuk
mencapai sifat optimum. Tambahan lagi, keserasian adunan LNR dengan
resin UPR daripada hasil kitar semula PET adalah
lebih baik berbanding dengan adunan cecair elastomer tersebut bersama UPR komersil.
Kata kunci: Cecair getah
asli (LNR); glikolisis; kitar semula PET;
resin poliester tak tepu (UPR)
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: gading@ukm.my
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