Sains Malaysiana 40(8)(2011): 831–840

Kawasan Tadahan Utara Putrajaya, Malaysia - Cabaran Pengurusan

Kualiti Air Putrajaya, Malaysia

(North Putrajaya Catchment Area Putrajaya, Malaysia - Challenges in Water Quality Management)

Mohd Zamri B. Daud, Joy Jacqueline Pereira* & Mazlin B. Mokhtar

Institut Alam Sekitar Dan Pembangunan (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Diserahkan:  5 November 2009 / Diterima: 29 November 2010

ABSTRAK

Kawasan Pentadbiran Putrajaya merangkumi 70% daripada kawasan tadahan Tasik Putrajaya. Kerja-kerja pembangunan yang dijalankan di dalam kawasan Putrajaya kebiasaannya dapat dikawal dengan merujuk kepada peraturan-peraturan dan garis panduan yang telah disediakan oleh pihak Perbadanan Putrajaya dalam memastikan kualiti air Tasik dan Tanah Bencah Putrajaya sentiasa mematuhi piawaian yang telah ditetapkan. Seluas 30% daripada kawasan tadahan Tasik dan Tanah Bencah Putrajaya terletak di luar pentadbiran dan kawalan pihak berkuasa Putrajaya. Kawasan tadahan Utara Putrajaya adalah kawasan tadahan yang luas yang menyumbang sebahagian besar air yang memasuki kawasan Tasik dan Tanah Bencah Putrajaya. Berasal dari anak Sg. Chuau kini ia telah membentuk satu kawasan tasik dan tanah bencah tersebut. Data kualiti air yang dilakukan oleh pihak berkuasa Putrajaya iaitu Perbadanan Putrajaya dari tahun 2002 sehingga 2005 dianalisis bagi mengenalpasti masalah utama kualiti air dari kawasan Tadahan Utara Tanah Bencah Putrajaya. Data kualiti air yang dicatat sepanjang tahun 2002 mendapati purata peratusan parameter yang melebihi standard Putrajaya bagi ammoniakal nitrogen (NH3-N) ialah 43.7%, E. coli 31.3%, TSS 12.5% manakala DO dan COD masing-masing 6.2%. Untuk sepanjang tahun 2003, purata peratusan parameter bagi NH3-N ialah 23.7%, E. coli 18.4%, jumlah koliform 18.4%, TSS 2.6%, DO 13.2%, COD 13.2%, dan BOD 10.5%. Untuk sepanjang tahun 2004, purata peratusan parameter bagi NH3-N ialah 35.5%, E. coli 22.6%, jumlah koliform 12.9%, TSS 9.7%, COD 3.2%, dan BOD 16.1%. Untuk tahun 2005, purata peratusan parameter bagi E. coli 36.4%, NH3-N ialah 22.7%, jumlah koliform 18.2%, BOD 13.6%, DO 4.5%, dan COD juga 4.5%. Secara keseluruhan, analisis bagi tempoh empat tahun ini mendapati parameter NH3-N dan E. coli sering kali menunjuk bacaan yang tidak mematuhi Piawaian Putrajaya. Punca utama masalah kualiti air di kawasan Tadahan Utara Tanah Bencah Putrajaya adalah kegagalan mengurus kawasan tadahan secara bersepadu dan sikap pihak berkepentingan di kawasan kajian tidak mengurus dan mengawal secara menyeluruh masalah air larian, kawasan terbuka dan kelodakan ketika membangunkan kawasan.

Kata kunci: Ammonia; E. coli; kelodak; kualiti air; tanah bencah

ABSTRACT

The Putrajaya Administrative area covers 70% of the Putrajaya Lake catchment area. Development work carried out within the Putrajaya area abides by the rules and regulations set by the Putrajaya Corporation to ensure that the quality of the lake water and wetland within the Putrajaya area meets the stipulated benchmark standards. However, 30% of the Putrajaya lake and wetland catchment area is located outside of administration and prerogative of the Putrajaya Corporation. The North Putrajaya catchment area which originates from the Sg. Chuau River contributes the bulk of the water that flows into the lake and wetlands of Putrajaya. Water quality data collected by the Putrajaya Corporation for the period of 2002 to 2005 has been analysed to identify major issues in the Putrajaya Wetland North Catchment area. Data from 2002 shows average percentage parameter of non-compliance ‘Putrajaya Standard’ for ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) at 43.7%, E. coli at 31.3% and TSS at 12.5% while the DO and COD are both 6.2%. For 2003, the average percentage parameter of non compliance for NH3-N was at 23.7%, E. coli at 18.4%, total coliform at 18.4%, TSS at 2.6%, DO at 13.2%, COD at 13.2% and BOD at 10.5%. For 2004, the average percentage parameter of non complying for NH3-N was at 35.5%, E. coli at 22.6%, total coliform at 12.9%, TSS at 9.7%, COD at 3.2% and BOD at 16.1%. For 2005, the average percentage parameter of non compliance were at is 36.4% for E. coli, 22.7% for NH3-N, 18.2% for total coliform, 13.6% for BOD and 4.5% for both DO and COD. In conclusion the analysed data within the four year period showed that the NH3-N and E. coli discharge from the north catchment area did not comply with the ‘Putrajaya Standard’. The main factors of water quality issues in the Putrajaya Wetland North Catchment area include the failure of integrating the management of the catchment areas and the stakeholders’ attitude of total disregard of the management and control of surface runoff, open areas and siltation issues while carrying out development work.

Keywords: Ammonia; E. coli; siltation; water quality; wetlands

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: joy@ukm.my