Sains Malaysiana 40(8)(2011): 865–870
Amylose and Amylopectin in Selected Malaysian Foods and its
Relationship
to Glycemic Index
(Amilosa dan
Amilopektin dalam Makanan Malaysia Terpilih dan Kaitannya dengan Indeks
Glisemik)
S. Nik Shanita*, H. Hasnah
& C.W. Khoo
Jabatan Pemakanan dan Dietetik, Fakulti
Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Jalan Raja Muda Ab. Aziz, 50300
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 13
Ogos 2009 / Diterima: 7 September 2010
ABSTRACT
The aim of this
study was to determine the nutrient contents and to evaluate the relationship
between amylose and amylopectin content to glycemic index of diet commonly
eaten by Malaysian. The food samples consisted of nasi
lemak, fried rice, fried rice noodle, fried macaroni, sandwich sardine,
doughnut, curry puff and roti canai with dhal. Each sample was prepared
based on standard recipe (except doughnut, roti canai with dhal and
curry puff were bought from 3 different locations) in two different cycles. Moisture,
ash, crude protein and crude fat were analyzed using proximate analysis whereas
amount of carbohydrate was calculated “by difference”. Total dietary fiber was
analyzed using AOAC 991.43. The
content of amylose and amylopectin were analyzed using colorimetric method and
calculated “by difference”, respectively. Our results showed that doughnut
contained the highest carbohydrate (49.49 ± 1.24 g/100 g) while nasi
lemak had the lowest carbohydrate (25.04 ± 0.56 g/100 g). Roti canai with
dhal had the highest total dietary fiber content (3.89 ± 0.43 g/100 g). The
highest amylose content was found in roti canai with dhal (11.75 ± 1.38%) while
highest amylopectin content was in nasi lemak (94.19 ± 0.48%). The
amylose content of tested samples ranged from 5 to 12%. In conclusion, results
showed that there was no significant relationship between the ratio of amylose
to amylopectin and glycemic index but negative trend existed which indicated
increase in amylose content will lower the glycemic index of a food.
Keywords:
Amylopectin; amylose; glycemic index
ABSTRAK
Tujuan kajian
ini dijalankan adalah untuk menentukan kandungan nutrien dan menilai hubungan
antara kandungan amilosa dan amilopektin dengan nilai indeks glisemik dalam
makanan kegemaran penduduk Malaysia. Sampel makanan terdiri daripada nasi
lemak, nasi goreng, bihun goreng, makaroni goreng, sandwic sardin, donut,
karipap dan roti canai dengan dhal. Setiap sampel dimasak berdasarkan resipi
piawai (kecuali donut, roti canai dengan dhal dan karipap dibeli daripada tiga
lokasi berlainan) pada dua kitaran berbeza. Kelembapan, abu, protein kasar dan
lemak kasar dinilai melalui analisis proksimat manakala kandungan karbohidrat
total dikira secara pembezaan. Gentian diet total ditentukan mengikut AOAC 991.43. Amilosa dan amilopektin pula dinilai
masing-masing melalui kaedah kolorimetrik dan kaedah pembezaan. Hasil kajian
menunjukkan donut mengandungi karbohidrat total tertinggi (49.49 ± 1.24 g/100
g) manakala nasi lemak mempunyai kandungan karbohidrat total yang terendah
iaitu sebanyak 25.04 ± 0.56 g/100 g. Roti canai dengan dhal mempunyai kandungan
gentian diet total paling tinggi (3.89 ± 0.43 g/100 g). Kandungan amilosa yang
tertinggi ditunjukkan dalam roti canai dengan dhal (11.75 ± 1.38%) manakala
untuk kandungan amilopektin tertinggi pula ialah nasi lemak (94.19 ± 0.48%).
Julat kandungan amilosa dalam kajian adalah di antara 5 hingga 12%.
Kesimpulannya, hasil kajian mendapati tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan di
antara nisbah amilosa kepada amilopektin dengan nilai indeks glisemik tetapi
tren negatif wujud di mana peningkatan kandungan amilosa menyebabkan penurunan
indeks glisemik dalam sesuatu makanan.
Kata kunci:
Amilopektin; amilosa; indeks glisemik
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; e-mail:
nikss@fskb.ukm.my
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