Sains Malaysiana 41(11)(2012): 1431–1435

Breeding Activities of Ingerophrynus parvus (Anura: Bufonidae) in Kedah, Malaysia

(Aktiviti Pembiakan Ingerophrynus parvus (Anura: Bufonidae) di Kedah, Malaysia)

S. Shahriza

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

J. Ibrahim

School of Distances Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

M.S. Shahrul Anuar

School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 27 Julai 2011 / Diterima: 23 Jun 2012

ABSTRACT

The breeding activities of the Dwarf toad, Ingerophrynus parvus were observed under natural conditions at Sungai Junjong, Kulim, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia for a period of 12 months. Breeding parameters, such as calling activities, amplecant pairs, eggs deposition and presence of tadpoles were examined every week in each month. Pearson correlation was used to analyse the relationship between rainfall and each breeding parameter. The results showed positive relationships between rainfall and calling activities (r=0.74), between rainfall and amplexus activities (r=0.52), and between rainfall and spawning activities (0.81).

Keywords: Amphibian; frog; rainfall; reproductive cycle; tadpoles

ABSTRAK

Aktiviti pembiakan katak Puru Kerdil, Ingerophrynus parvus telah dikaji secara semula jadi di Sungai Junjong, Kulim, Kedah, Semenanjung Malaysia selama 12 bulan. Parameter pembiakan, seperti aktiviti panggilan, pasangan mengawan, penghasilan telur dan kehadiran larva diperiksa pada setiap minggu. Ujian korelasi Pearson telah digunakan untuk menganalisis perhubungan antara jumlah hujan dan setiap parameter pembiakan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat perhubungan yang positif  antara jumlah hujan dan aktiviti panggilan (r=0.74), antara jumlah hujan dan aktiviti mengawan (r=0.52) dan antara jumlah hujan dan aktiviti penghasilan telur (0.81).

Kata kunci: Amfibia; berudu; jumlah hujan; katak; kitaran pembiakan

RUJUKAN

Arak, A. 1984. Sex and Song in Malaysian Frog and Toads. Malayan Naturalist 1984: 20-24.

Berry, P.Y. 1964. The Breeding Patterns of Seven Species of Singapore Anura. Journal of Animal Ecology 13: 227-243.

Berry, P.Y. 1975. The Amphibian Fauna of Peninsular Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Tropical Press.

Biju, S.D. 2003. Reproductive Mode in the Shrub Frog Philautus glandulosus (Jerdon, 1853) (Anura : Rhacophoridae). Current Science 84: 283-284.

Church, G. 1960a. Annual and Lunar Periodicity in the Sexual Cycle of the Javanese Toad, Bufo melanostictus Schneider. Zoologica 45: 181-188.

Church, G. 1960b. The Effect of Seasonal and Lunar Changes on the Breeding Pattern of the Edible Javanese Frog, Rana cancrivora Gravenhorst. Truebia 25: 215-233.

Duellman, W.E & Trueb, L. 1986. Biology of Amphibians. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Gascon, C. 1991. Breeding of Leptodactylus knudseni: Responses to Rainfall Variation. Copeia 1991: 248-252.

Girish, G.K. & Kanamadi, R.D. 2000. Courtship and nesting behavior of the Malabar gliding frog, Rhacophorus malabaricus (Jerdon, 1870). Current Science 79: 377-380.

Ibrahim, H.J., Ahmad, I. & Rahman, K.A. 1999. Correlations of reproductive parameter of two tropical frogs from Malaysia. Asiatic Herpetological Research 8: 48-52.

Inger, R.F. 1966. The Systematics and Zoogeography of the Amphibians of Borneo. Fieldiana Zoology 52: 1-402.

Inger, R.F. & Bacon, J.P. 1968. Annual Reproduction and Clutch Size in Rain Forest Frogs from Sarawak. Copeia 1968: 602-606.

Inger, R.F. & Greenberg, B. 1963. The Annual Reproductive Pattern of the Frog Rana erythraea in Sarawak. Physiology Zoology 36: 21-33.

Inger, R.F. & Stuebing, R.B. 1989. Frogs of Sabah. Kota Kinabalu: Sabah Park Trustees.

Inger, R.F., Voris, H.K. & Voris, H.H. 1974. Genetic Variation and Population Ecology of some Southeast Asian Frogs of the Genera Bufo and Rana. Biochemical Genetics 12: 121-145.

Kanamadi, R.D., Kadadevaru, G.G. & Schneider, H. 2002. Advertisement call and breeding period of the frog, Kaloula pulchra (Microhylidae). Herpetological Review 33: 19-21.

Kiew, B.H. 1984. Conservation Status of the Malaysian Fauna (III Amphibians). Malayan Naturalist 37(4): 6-10.

Leong, T.M. 2002. Status of Larval Identities Among the Peninsular Malaysian Anura. Herpetological Review 33(3): 171-174.

Norhayati, A., Belabut, D. & Chan, K.O. 2009. Amphibia My: Amphibians and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia [Online], [Access on 20 December 2009]. http://amphibia.my.

Prado, C.P.A., Uetanabaro, M. & Haddad, C.F.B. 2005. Breeding Activity Patterns, Reproductive Modes and Habitat Use by Anurans (Amphibia) in a Seasonal Environment in the Pantanal, Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia 26: 211-221.

Saidapur, S.K. & Girish, S. 2001. Growth and Metamorphosis of Bufo melanostictus tadpoles : Effects of Kinship and Density. Journal of Herpetology 35: 249-254.

Sheridan, J.A. 2008. Ecology and Behavior of Polypedates leucomystax (Anura : Rhacophoridae) in Northest Thailand. Herpetological Review 39: 165-169.

Taylor, E.H. 1962. The Amphibian Fauna of Thailand. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 43: 265-599.

Toledo, L.F. & Haddad, C.F.B. 2005. Acoustic Repertoire and Calling Behavior of Scinax fuscomarginatus (Anura, Hylidae). Journal of Herpetology 39: 455-464.

Zina, J. & Haddad, C.F.B. 2005. Reproductive Activity and Vocalizations of Laptodactylus labyrinthicus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 5: 1-11.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: shahriza18@usm.my