Sains Malaysiana 41(11)(2012):
1423–1429
Toxic Effects of Sapium baccatum (Ludai) Extract in Rats
(Kesan Toksik Ekstrak Sapium
baccatum (Ludai) ke atas Tikus)
Muhammad Taher*
Department of
Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy
International Islamic
University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Nur Aizura Mat Alewi,
Zaitunnatakhin Zamli, Norazsida Ramli & Nurulwahida Saad
Department of Biomedical
Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences
International Islamic
University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Deny Susanti
Department of
Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia
25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 2 Mac 2011 /
Diterima: 9 April 2012
ABSTRACT
Sapium baccatum is usually used
as a timber in Malaysia. Its medicinal values are not well known and very
little research has been conducted concerning the plant. Consequently, this
study was conducted to observe toxicity effects of hexane extract of stem bark
of S. baccatum. The toxicity effects were assessed through observation
of physiological changes of the rats as well as through gross and histological
examinations of its livers. The doses for the treated groups were given
intraperitoneally for T2, T3 and T4 group which were given 100, 250 and 500
mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, control group (T1) was administered with 80% PEG 200 only. The observation
period was 14 days. If the rat died, it was dissected and the liver was removed
and examined. Some physiological effects observed include ataxia and hind-legs
paralysis. The gross observations of the livers, growth of abnormal spots and
connective tissues attachment to lobes of the livers were observed. The
experiment was followed by histopathological observation, which indicated the
presence of abnormal hepatocytes with a distorted shape and undefined cell
linings for T2 group. Results also indicated an increase in the distortion of
hepatocytes, presence of massive cytoplasm and necrosis of hepatocytes for T3
and T4 groups. Results suggest that non polar extract of the stem bark of S.
baccatum may promote toxic effects to the animals.
Keywords: Euphorbiaceae; hexane
extract; rats; Sapium baccatum; toxic effects
ABSTRAK
Sapium
baccatum merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai kayu balak di
Malaysia. Nilai perubatannya masih banyak belum diketahui
umum dan kajian terhadapnya juga amat sedikit dilakukan. Justeru, kajian
ini dijalankan untuk memerhatikan kesan toksik ekstrak heksan kulit batang S.baccatum ke
atas tikus. Kesan toksik ekstrak dinilai melalui pemerhatian
terhadap perubahan fisiologi, abnormaliti pada morfologi hati secara kasar dan
juga melalui slaid histopatologi sel hati tikus kajian. Sembilan ekor
tikus telah dibahagikan kepada 3 kumpulan uji kaji (T2, T3 dan T4) dengan
setiap kumpulan menerima sebanyak 100, 250 dan 500 mg/kg takaran ekstrak
masing-masing melalui suntikan intraperitoneum manakala kumpulan kawalan (T1)
pula diberikan 80% PEG 200. Pemerhatian dijalankan selama 14 hari. Tikus yang mati dalam tempoh pemerhatian dibedah dan diambil
hatinya untuk pemeriksaan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan
berlakunya ataksia dan kelumpuhan bahagian belakang kaki pada kumpulan uji kaji. Pemeriksaan ke atas hati juga menunjukkan kehadiran
bintik-bintik tidak normal pada permukaan hati dan pertumbuhan tisu-tisu
penyambung antara lobus-lobus hati. Hasil
histopatologi menunjukkan kehadiran hepatosit-hepatosit tidak normal dan
kehadiran lapisan sel yang tidak dikenal pasti pada kumpulan T2. Kesan ekstrak juga didapati menyebabkan pertumbuhan sel-sel hepatosit
yang tidak normal, kehadiran banyak sitoplasma dan nekrosis pada kumpulan T3
dan T4. Oleh sebab itu, hasil kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa ekstrak
kasar heksan kulit batang S. baccatum mampu memberikan kesan toksik
kepada haiwan.
Kata
kunci: Ekstrak heksan; Euphorbiaceae; kesan toksik; Sapium baccatum; tikus
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mtaher@iium.edu.my
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