Sains Malaysiana 41(3)(2012): 313–317

 

Physicochemical Characteristics of Tropical Jatropha curcas Seed Oil

(Sifat Fizikokimia Minyak Biji Jatropha curcas Tropika)

 

 

Jumat Salimon*

School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

 

Waled Abdo Ahmed

School of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Dhamar University, Yemen

 

 

Diserahkan: 30 Mac 2011 / Diterima: 19 Ogos 2011

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

The oil fraction of Jatropha curcas seeds from Malaysia, Indonesia and India were extracted by using cold press method. Their chemical and physical properties such as oil content, % water, specific gravity at 28oC, refractive index at 25oC, colour at 28oC, viscosity at 28oC, iodine value, acid value, triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, free fatty acid, saponification, and unsaponifiable value were examined. The results showed that the Malaysian seed sample contained high oil percentage, 33.7%. On the other hand, the oil content from Indonesian and Indian seeds were 32.7% and 30.5%, respectively. The physicochemical properties showed iodine value of 103.2, 99.8 and 97.9, acid value of 2.4, 9.9 and 7.6, FFA% of 1.68%, 6.99% and 5.35%, saponification value of 197.8, 183.2 and 156.2 and unsaponifiable value of 1.99%, 2.15% and 2.35% for Malaysian, Indonesian and Indian crude oil respectively. Although, the percentage of the TAGs and fatty acids of tropical Jatropha curcas oil were different, both oleic (43.5%-43.8%) and linoleic (33.1%-34.7%) acids were detected as the dominant unsaturated fatty acids, while palmitic (14.7%-14.9%) and stearic (7.0%-7.2%) acids were the saturated fatty acids found in the oil. Unlike most Jatropha curcas oils, tropical Jatropha curcas oil also contained palmitolic acid (0.8%) as part of minor fatty acids in the oil. Polyunsaturated TAGSs of PLL, OOL and OLL were the major TAGs found in the tropical Jatropha curcas oil.

 

Keywords: Chemical properties; triacylglycerol profile; tropical Jatropha curcas

 

ABSTRAK

 

Fraksi minyak Jatropha curcas dari Malaysia, Indonesia dan India telah diekstrak menggunakan kaedah tekanan sejuk. Sifat fizik dan kimia seperti kandungan minyak, peratus air, graviti spesifik pada 28oC, indek biasan pada 25oC, warna pada 28oC, kelikatan pada 28oC, nilai iodin, nilai asid, komposisi triasilgliserol (TAG), asid lemak bebas, nilai penyabunan dan taktersabun telah ditentukan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sampel biji dari Malaysia mengandungi kandungan minyak yang tinggi, 33.7%. Sebaliknya kandungan minyak dari Indonesian dan India adalah masing-masing sebanyak 32.7% dan 30.5%. Sifat fisikokimia masing-masing menunjukkan nilai iodin sebanyak 103.2, 99.8 dan 97.9, nilai asid

(2.4, 9.9 dan 7.6), %FFA (1.68%, 6.99% dan 5.35%), nilai penyabunan (197.8, 183.2 dan 156.2) dan nilai taktersabun (1.99%, 2.15% dan 2.35%) bagi masing-masing minyak mentah Malaysia, Indonesia dan India. Walau bagaimanapun, peratus TAG dan asid lemak minyak jarak Jatropha curcas tropika berbeza, tetapi asid oleik (43.5%-43.8%) dan linoleik (33.1%-33.7%) merupakan asid lemak dominan sementara asid palmitik (14.7%-14.9%) dan asid stearik (7.0%-7.2%) adalah asid lemak tepu yang ditemui dalam minyak. Tidak seperti minyak Jatropha curcas lain, minyak Jatropha curcas tropika juga mengandungi asid palmitolik (0.8%) bagi asid lemak minornya. TAGs politaktepu PLL, OOL dan OLL adalah TAG yang dominan dalam minyak Jatropha curcas tropika.

 

Kata kunci: Jatropha curcas tropika; profil triasilgliserol; sifat kimia

 

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: jumat@ukm.my

 

   

 

 

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