Sains
Malaysiana 41(4)(2012): 445-452
Effects of Spin Contamination on the
Stability and Spin Density of Wavefunction of Graphene: Comparison between First Principle
and Density Functional Methods
(Kesan Pelumusan Spin Terhadap Kestabilan dan
Ketumpatan Spin bagi Fungsi Gelombang
Grafen pelumusan: Perbandingan antara Kaedah Prinsip Pertama dan Kaedah Kefungsian Ketumpatan)
Lee
Sin Ang* & Shukri Sulaiman
Physical
Sciences Programme, School of Distance Education
Universiti
Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
Mohamed
Ismail Mohamed-Ibrahim
Chemical
Sciences Programme, School of Distance Education
Universiti
Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
13 Mei 2011 / Diterima: 7 Oktober 2011
ABSTRACT
The
effects of spin contamination on the stability and the spin densities of a
model of graphene in the Hartree-Fock wavefunction (HF), Møller-Plesset
perturbation theory (second order, MP2 and fourth order, MP4) and density
functional theory (B3LYP and PBEPBE) are reported. It was found that the
Hartree-Fock and MP2 wavefunctions of graphene suffer from the contamination
from higher spin states and spin projection method failed to project out the
spin contaminants. The spin density from HF was overestimated, while for MP2 it
has the wrong trend. B3LYP and PBEPBE wave functions however have negligible
contamination for higher spin states. Comparison with reported results showed
that the spin
densities
at the center of the molecule from the pure functionals of PBEPBE were
underestimated. Based on the comparison made, it was concluded that among the
methods considered, the suitable one for use in the calculations of pristine graphene
was B3LYP.
Keywords:
Density functional theory; grapheme; Hartree-Fock; Møller-Plesset perturbation
theory; spin
contamination
ABSTRAK
Kesan
pelumusan spin ke atas kestabilan dan ketumpatan spin di dalam fungsi gelombang
Hartree-Fock (HF), teori gangguan Møller-Plesset (tertib kedua, MP2 dan tertib
keempat, MP4) dan teori fungsi ketumpatan (B3LYP dan PBEPBE) bagi model grafen
dilaporkan. Didapati bahawa fungsi gelombang HF dan MP2 bagi grafen mengalami
pelumusan daripada keadaan spin lebih tinggi dan kaedah projeksi gagal
mengeluarkan pelumusan putaran. Nilai ketumpatan spin daripada HF adalah
terlebih anggar, manakala untuk MP2 ia mempunyai corak yang salah. B3LYP dan
PBEPBE mempunyai pelumusan spin yang boleh diabaikan. Perbandingan dengan keputusan yang telah
dilaporkan menunjukkan bahawa ketumpatan spin pada bahagian tengah molekul
daripada kefungsian tulen PBEPBE adalah terkurang anggar. Berdasarkan
perbandingan yang dilakukan, disimpulkan bahawa antara kaedah-kaedah yang
dipertimbangkan, B3LYP merupakan kaedah yang sesuai untuk pengiraan melibatkan
grafen tulen.
Kata kunci: Grafin; Hartree-Fock;
pencemaran putaran; teori gangguan Møller-Plesset; teori fungsi ketumpatan
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: lsina2002@hotmail.com
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