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Evaluation of Dry Deposition Velocity of SO2 by Bowen Ratio and Resistance
Model Over Rice Paddy in Tropical Climate
(Pengukuran Halaju Pemendapan Kering SO2 Menggunakan Model Nisbah Bowendan Rintangan di Kawasan Penanaman Padi Beriklim Tropika)
Orachorn Chimjan* & Pojanee Khummongkol
Environmental
Technology Division, School
of Energy, Environment and Materials
King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-U-Thit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru
Bangkok
10140, Thailand
Diserahkan: 13 Oktober 2011 / Diterima: 4 Januari 2012
ABSTRACT
The Bowen ratio method was applied to
determine dry deposition velocity of SO2 over rice
paddy in the tropical climate condition (hot and humid). The meteorological parameters
and SO2 concentration
required by the method were monitored online during July – December 2007.
The deposition velocity was evaluated under the wet and dry climatic
conditions. The median values of the velocity in daytime in the wet season were
in ranges of 0.24 - 0.41 cm s-1, and
0.42 - 0.77 cm s-1 in the dry season. The
SO2 dry deposition velocity
was found to be very low for all the nighttime measurements and independent of
seasonal variation. A relationship between the deposition velocity and the
humidity was seen in which the SO2 velocity
inversely increased with the relative humidity. The velocity determined by the
Bowen ratio study was compared to Wesely resistance
model. The comparative study showed that the SO2 deposition
velocity obtained by the resistance model was higher than the Bowen ratio in
the wet season (high humidity) but lower in the dry season (low humidity). This
indicated the effect of humidity on the deposition velocity under the tropical
climatology. The parameterization terms to calculate the SO2 deposition
in the resistance model need to be modified for the tropical region.
Keywords: Bower Ratio method; dry
deposition of SO2; resistance model;
tropical region
ABSTRAK
Kaedah Nisbah Bowen telah digunakan untuk menentukan halaju pemendapan kering SO2 di kawasan penanaman padi beriklim tropika (panas dan lembab). Parameter meteorologi dan SO2 yang diperlukan bagi kaedah ini telah diukur secara berterusan dari bulan Julai hingga Disember 2007. Penentuan halaju pemendapan telah ditentukan dalam keadaan iklim basah dan kering. Nilai median halaju di siang hari pada musim hujan adalah dalam julat 0.24 - 0.41 cm s-1, dan 0.42 - 0.77 cm s-1 pada musim kering. Halju pemendapan kering SO2 didapati sangat rendah untuk semua ukuran pada waktu malam dan ianya tidak bergantung kepada variasi musim. Hubungan antara halaju pemendapan dan dan kelembapan dapat diperhatikan di mana halaju pemendapan SO2 adalah berkadar songsang dengan kelembapan relatif. Halaju pemendapan Bowen juga telah dibandingkan dengan Model Rintangan Wesely. Kajian perbandingan menunjukkan halaju pemendapan SO2 yang diperoleh daripada model rintangan adalah lebih tinggi berbanding nisbah Bowen pada musim hujan (kelembapan tinggi) tetapi lebih rendah pada musim kering (kelembapan rendah). Ini menunjukkan kesan kelembapan kepada halaju di kawasan beriklim tropika. Terma penggunaan parameter bagi pengiraan pemendapan SO2 dalam model rintangan harus di ubahsuai bagi penggunaan di rantau tropika.
Kata kunci: Pemendapan kering SO2; kaedah nisbah Bowen; model rintangan; rantau tropika
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* Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: aorsung@hotmail.com
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