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Heavy Metal Contamination and Physical Barrier are Main Causal Agents for the Genetic Differentiation of Perna viridis Populations in Peninsular Malaysia (Pencemaran Logam Berat dan Penghalang Fizikal Merupakan Penyebab
Utama bagi
Perbezaan Genetik Populasi Perna viridis di Semenanjung Malaysia)
Diserahkan: 27 Julai 2012/Diterima: 29 April
2013
ABSTRACT
A total of 19 polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to analyze
the levels of genetic variations for six geographical populations of
green-lipped Perna viridis collected
from the coastal waters of Peninsular Malaysia. In addition, the total soft
tissues of all mussel populations were determined for heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb
and Zn). FST values revealed that all the six populations of P.
viridis in Peninsular Malaysia were categorized as showing ‘moderate genetic
differentiation’ according to the classification of Wright (1978). Cluster
analysis revealed that three populations which were located in the western part
of the Johor Causeway were clustered differently from the other three
populations located in the eastern part. Hierarchical F-statistics and
cluster analysis indicated that the Johor Causeway which blocked the free flow
of the pelagic larvae swimmers of P. viridis and a distinct effect of
heavy metal contamination on the Kg. Pasir Puteh population, were the two main
causal agents for the genetic differentiation of the P. viridis populations
investigated in this study.
Keywords: Heavy metal contamination; microsatellite markers; Perna viridis
ABSTRAK
Sejumlah 19 lokus mikrosatelit yang berpolimorfik telah digunakan
untuk menganalisis tahap variasi genetik bagi enam populasi geografi kupang Perna viridis yang disampel dari persisiran
pantai Semenanjung Malaysia. Keseluruhan tisu lembut daripada kesemua populasi
juga ditentukan untuk logam berat (Cd, Cu, Pb dan Zn). Nilai FST menunjukkan
kesemua enam populasi P. viridis di Semenanjung Malaysia dikategorikan
sebagai ‘perbezaan genetik yang sederhana’ mengikut klasifikasi Wright (1978).
Analisis kluster menunjukkan bahawa tiga populasi yang berada di bahagian barat
Tambak Johor telah diklusterkan berasingan daripada tiga lagi populasi yang
berada di bahagian timur. F-statistik berhierarki dan analisis kluster
menunjukkan bahawa tambak Johor yang menghalang aliran bebas bagi perenang
pelagik larva P. viridis dan suatu kesan yang ketara hasil daripada
pencemaran logam berat di populasi Kg. Pasir Puteh, merupakan dua penyebab
utama bagi perbezaan genetik populasi P. viridis dalam kajian ini.
Kata kunci: Penanda mikrosatelit; pencemaran
logam berat; Perna viridis
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*Pengarang untuk surat menyurat; email: yapckong@hotmail.com
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