Sains Malaysiana 42(12)(2013): 1763–1768

Effect of Sintering on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of

Co-Cr-Mo (F-75)/HAP Composites

(Kesan Persinteran ke Atas Sifat Fizikal dan Mekanikal Komposit Co-Cr-Mo (F-75)/HAP)

NUR MAIZATUL SHIMA ADZALI*¹, SHAMSUL BAHARIN JAMALUDIN²

& MOHD NAZREE DERMAN³

¹Schools of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Taman Muhibah, Jejawi, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia  

²Sustainable Engineering Research Cluster, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Taman Pertiwi Indah, Jalan Kangar-Alor Setar, Seriab, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia  

³Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Taman Pertiwi Indah, Jalan Kangar-Alor Setar, Seriab, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 7 Mac 2012/Diterima: 31 Mei 2012

ABSTRACT

This paper reports on the effects of HAP addition and sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of the F-75/HAP composites fabricated by powder metallurgy. Co-Cr-Mo (F-75) is used in orthopedics because of its excellent biocompatibility when implanted to human or animal body. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) powders have been used as fillers because HAP is the one of the most effective biocompatible materials with similarities to mineral constituents of bones and teeth. HAP powders (chemical formula Ca10(PO₄)₆ (OH)2) have been added to Co-Cr-Mo alloys in composition of 0 to 10 wt. %. The mixtures were then milled, cold compacted at 550 MPa, before sintered at 1100 and 1200°C in a tube furnace. The density, porosity, microhardness and compressive strength were measured. The composites that have been sintered at temperature 1200°C showed better physical and mechanical properties than those produced at 1100°C. After sintering at 1200°C, the samples show higher density, compared with the sample sintered at 1100°C. The sample with no HAP which have been sintered at 1200°C has the highest microhardness (208.9 HV), compared with the same sample sintered at 1100°C (194.3HV). As the temperature is increased from 1100 to 1200°C, the value of compressive strength increased from 184.538 to 341.086 MPa. Microstructural analysis for line scan showed that, as the sintering temperature was increased, there was good interface bonding between HAP particles and matrix F-75.

Keywords: Co-Cr-Mo alloys; hydroxyapatite; mechanical properties; physical properties; sintering

ABSTRAK

Kertas ini melaporkan tentang kesan penambahan HAP dan suhu persinteran ke atas mikrostruktur dan sifat komposit F-75/HAP yang difabrikasi menggunakan kaedah metalurgi serbuk. Co-Cr-Mo (F-75) terkenal digunakan dalam bidang ortopedik kerana keserasian bio yang amat baik apabila digunakan di dalam badan manusia atau haiwan. Serbuk hidroksiapatit (HAP) telah digunakan sebagai bahan penambah kerana HAP adalah salah satu bahan yang mempunyai keserasian bio yang amat efektif bersamaan dengan kandungan mineral untuk tulang dan gigi. Serbuk HAP (formula kimia Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆ (OH)₂) telah ditambah kepada aloi Co-Cr-Mo dalam komposisi 0 sehingga 10 peratus berat. Campuran ini kemudiannya diadun, ditekan sejuk pada 550 MPa, sebelum disinter pada suhu 1100 dan 1200°C di dalam relau tiub. Ketumpatan, keliangan kekerasan mikro dan kekuatan mampatan telah diubah. Komposit yang telah disinter pada suhu 1200°C menunjukkan sifat-sifat fizikal dan mekanikal yang lebih baik berbanding komposit yang disinter pada suhu 1100°C. Selepas disinter pada suhu 1200°C, sampel menunjukkan nilai ketumpatan yang tinggi, jika dibandingkan dengan sampel yang disinter pada suhu 1100°C. Untuk keputusan ujian kekerasan, sampel tanpa HAP yang telah disinter pada suhu 1200°C mempunyai nilai kekerasan mikro yang paling tinggi (208.9 HV), jika dibandingkan dengan sampel yang sama yang telah disinter pada suhu 1100°C (194.3 HV). Untuk ujian kekuatan mampatan, apabila suhu bertambah daripada 1100 ke 1200°C, nilai kekuatan mampatan bertambah daripada 184.538 ke 341.086 MPa. Analisis mikrostruktur untuk imbasan garisan menunjukkan bahawa, apabila suhu persinteran bertambah, wujudnya ikatan antaramuka yang baik antara partikel HAP dan matrik F-75.

Kata kunci: Aloi Co-Cr-Mo; hidroksiapatit; persinteran; sifat fizikal; sifat mekanikal

RUJUKAN

Dourandish, M., Simchi, A. & Godlinski, D. 2008. Rapid manufacturing of Co-Cr-Mo implants by three-dimentional printing process for orthopedic applications. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 4(1): 31-36.

Ghazali Kamardan, M., Nurhidayah, A.Z., Dalimin, M.N., Mujahid A. Zaidi, Shamsul, J.B. & Mahadi A. Jamil. 2010. The sintering temperature effect on the shrinkage behavior of cobalt chromium alloy. American Journal of Applied Sciences 7(11): 1443-1448.

Hench, L.L. & Erthridge, E.C. 1982. Biomaterials: An Interfacial Approach. New York: Academic Press.

Le Huec, J.C., Schaeverbeke, T., Clement, D., Faber, J. & Le Rebeller, A. 1995. Influence of porosity on the mechanical resistance of hydroxyapatite ceramics under compressive stress. Biomaterials 16(2): 113-118.

Mour, M., Das, D., Winkler, T., Hoenig, E., Mielke, G., Morlock, M.M. & Schilling, A.F. 2010. Advances in porous biomaterials for dental and orthopaedic applications. Materials 3(5): 2947-2974.

Narayan, R.J. 2010. The next generation of biomaterial development. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 368: 1831-1837.

Navarro, M., Michiardi, A., Castano, O. & Planell, J.A. 2008. Biomaterials in orthopaedics. J. Royal Society Interface 5: 1137-1158.

Oksiuta, Z., Dabrowski, J.R. & Olszyna, A. 2009. Co-Cr-Mo based composite reinforced with bioactive glass. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 209(2): 978-985.

Parks, J. & Lakes, R.S. 2007. Biomaterials: An Introduction. 3rd ed. New York: Springer.

Shamsul, J.B., Nurhidayah, A.Z. & Ruzaidi, C.M. 2007. Characterization of Cobalt-chromium-HAP biomaterial for biomedical application. J. Applied Sciences Research 3(11): 1544-1553.

Shekhar Nath, Sushma Kalmodia & Bikramjit Basu. 2010. Densification, phase stability, and in vitro biocompatibility property of hydroxyapatite-10 wt. % silver composites. J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Med. 21: 1273-1287.

Shi, S., Lippold, J.C. & Ramirez, J. 2010. Hot ductility behavior and repair weldability of service-aged, heat-resistant stainless steel castings. Welding Journal 89(10): 210-217.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: shima@unimap.edu.my