Sains Malaysiana 42(1)(2013):
25–32
Cephalometric and Malocclusion Analysis of Kadazan Dusun Ethnic
Orthodontic Patients
(Analisis Sefalometrik dan Maloklusi Pesakit Ortodontik Etnik
Kadazan Dusun)
Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab* & Hartini Idris
Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Habibah Yacob
Klinik Pergigian Bandar Maharani, Jalan Hospital, 84000
Muar, Johor, Malaysia
Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science
and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 19 Oktober 2011 / Diterima: 30 Mei 2012
ABSTRACT
The aims of this study were to assess the skeletal pattern and the
malocclusion of Kadazan Dusun ethnic patients who seek for orthodontic
treatment. Cephalometric radiographs (248) and 345 study models were collected
from four orthodontic clinics in Sabah. The cephalometric mean values (SNA, SNB, ANB, MMA, SNMxP, UIMxP, LIMnP
and ALFH)
were measured and the study models were analysed for overjet, overbite, incisor
and molar relationships. Some morphological or occlusal features such as shovel
shape, Talon cusp, peg shape teeth, midline diastema, canine displacement and
supernumerary tooth were also noted. The frequency and correlation of
cephalometric mean values and prevalence of malocclusion were analysed using SPSS 18.
Class I Skeletal pattern was the most common (48%) followed by Class II (33%)
and Class III (18%). There was a strong correlation between SNA and SNB values (>0.70).
Class II/1 incisor relationship has the highest frequency (41%) followed by
Class III (32%), Class I (21%) and Class II/2 (6%). Class II Molar relationship
of both right and left showed highest frequency (38%) followed by Class I (33%)
and Class III (30%). Increased of overjet (44%) and reduced overbite (41%) and
shovel-shaped incisor were the most common occlusal and dental features. The
Kadazan Dusun patients who seek for orthodontic treatment in Sabah were mostly
presented with Class I Skeletal pattern with high prevalence in Class II/1
incisor relationship, Class II molar relationship, increased overjet and
reduced overbite. The orthodontic treatment pertaining to this ethnicity should
be in line with the findings that will benefit patient specifically based on
their common presented features.
Keywords: Cephalometric; Kadazan Dusun; malocclusion; orthodontic
treatment
ABSTRAK
Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji corak
pola rangka dan kelaziman maloklusi pada pesakit Kadazan Dusun yang mendapatkan
rawatan ortodontik. Radiograf sefalometrik (245) dan 345 model
kajian telah dikumpulkan daripada empat klinik ortodontik di Sabah. Nilai purata sefalometrik (SNA, SNB, ANB, MMA, SNMxP, UIMxP, LIMnP dan ALFH) telah diukur dan
model kajian telah dianalisis untuk melihatrhubungan antara ‘overjet’,
‘overbite’, perhubungan insisor dan molar. Beberapa morfologi
atau ciri-ciri oklusi seperti gigi bentuk penyodok, kuspa talon, gigi berbentuk
pasak, diastema garis tengah, peralihan gigi taring dan lebihan bilangan gigi
dicatatkan. Frekuensi dan perkaitan antara nilai
purata sefalometrik dan kelaziman maloklusi dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 18. Corak Skeletal Kelas I (48%) adalah yang paling biasa diikuti
oleh Kelas II (33%) dan Kelas III (18%). Terdapat
perkaitan yang kuat antara nilai SNA dan SNB (>0.70). Perhubungan
incisor Kelas II/1 menunjukkan frekuensi yang tertinggi (41%) diikuti oleh
Kelas III (32%), Kelas I (21%) dan Kelas II/2 (6%). Perhubungan
molar Kelas II pada kanan dan kiri menunjukkan frekuensi yang tertinggi (38%)
diikuti oleh Kelas I (33%) dan Kelas III (30%). Peningkatan
‘overjet’ (44%), pengurangan ‘overbite’ (41%) dan insisor berbentuk penyodok
adalah ciri-ciri gigi dan oklusi yang lazim. Pesakit
ortodontik Kadazan Dusun Sabah kebanyakannya menunjukkan corak pola rangka
Kelas I dengan kelaziman yang tinggi pada perhubungan insisor Kelas II/1,
perhubungan molar Kelas II, peningkatan ‘overjet’ dan penurunan ‘overbite’. Rawatan ortodontik untuk etnik ini perlu selaras dengan penemuan kajian ini
dengan pesakit boleh mendapat faedah khususnya berdasarkan kepada ciri-ciri am mereka.
Kata kunci: Kadazan Dusun; maloklusi; rawatan
ortodontik; sefalometrik
RUJUKAN
Adam, C.P. & Ker, W.J.S. 1981. Overbite and
face height in 44 male subjects with class I, class II/1 and Class II/2
occlusion. European Dental Journal of Orthodontics 3(2): 125-129.
Angle, E.H. 1899. Classification
of malocclusion. Dental Cosmos 41: 248-264.
Angle, E.H. 1900. Treatment of malocclusion
of the teeth and fractures of the maxillae: Angle system. 6th ed.
Philadelphia: SS White Manufacturing Co.
Argyropoulos, E. & Sassouni, V. 1989.
Comparison of the dentofacial patterns for native Greek and American-Caucasian
adolescents. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 95:
238-249.
Chung, L.K.L., Hobson,
R.S., Nunn, J.H., Gordon, P.H. & Carter, N.E. 2000. An analysis of the skeletal
relationship in a group of young people with hypodontia. Journal of
Orthodontics 27: 315-318.
Dahlberg, A.A. 1951. The dentition
of the American Indian. In The Physical
Anthropology of the American Indian. Laughlin, W.S. (ed). New York:
Viking Fund.
Department of Statistic Malaysia. 2001. Yearbook of Statistic, Sabah.
EL-Batran, M., Soliman, N. & EL-Wakil, Kh. 2008. The relationship between
cranial base and maxillofacial morphology in Egyptian children. Homo
- Journal of Comparative Human Biology 59(4): 287-300.
Garner, L.D. & Butt, M.H. 1985. Malocclusion in Black
Americans and Nyeri Kenyans: An epidemiologic study. Angle Orthodontics 55(2):
139-146.
Gelgör, I.E., Karaman, A.I. &
Ercan, E. 2007. Prevalence of
Malocclusion among adolescents in Central Anatolia. European Journal
of Dentistry 1(3): 125-131.
Hanihara, K. 1968. Mongoloid dental
complex in the permanent dentition. Proceedings
VIIIth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences. Tokyo: Science Council of Japan 298-300.
Hose, C. & McDougall, W. 1912. The Pagan Tribes of Borneo. London: Mcmillan.
Hrdliucka, A. 1920. Shovel-shaped teeth. American Journal of Physical
Anthropology 3: 429-465.
Huang, J.N., Xu, G.M. & Gu, H.H. 2002. Dental malocclusion among juveniles in Huangzhou municipality. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 31(3): 202-205.
Lee, G.T.R. & Goose, D.H. 1972. The
dentition of Chinese living in Liverpool. Human Biology 44:
563-572.
Lee, Y.L. 1930. North Borneo: A Study in Settlement
Geography. Singapore: Eastern Universities Press. pp.15-16.
Mayhall, J.T., Saunders, S.R. & Belier, P.L. 1982. The
dental morphology of North American Whites: A reappraisal. In: Teeth: Form,
Function and Evolution, Kurten, B. (ed). New York: Columbia University
Press.
Mehta, O. & Gupta, D. 2008. A study of
cephalometric appraisal of inheritance of craniofacial patterns in Gorkhas. Journal of Indian Society Pedodontics Preventive Dentistry 26(3):
121-124.
Mitchell, L. 2007. Introduction to
Orthodontic. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sim, J.M. 1972. Minor tooth movement in children in St
Louis: C.V. Mosby Co. pp. 28-47.
Susanti Munandar, D. 1992. Cephalometric
analysis of deuteron-Malay Indonesian. MSc thesis, University of Sydney
(unpublished).
Townsend, G.C. & Martin, N.G. 1992. Fitting genetic
models to Carabelli trait data in South Australian twins. Journal of Dental
Research 71: 403-409.
Townsend, G.C., Richards, L.C., Brown,
T., Burgess, V.B., Travan, G.R. & Rogers. J.R. 1990. Genetic studies of dental morphology in South
Australian twins. In Structure, Function and Evolution of the Teeth,
Smith, P. & Tchernov, E. (eds). London: French Publishing House.
Woon, K.C., Thong, Y.L. & Abdul Kadir, R. 1989. Permanent dentition occlusion in Chinese, Indian and Malay group in
Malaysia. Australian Orthodontic Journal 11(1): 45-48.
*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: rohaya@medic.ukm.my
|