Sains Malaysiana 42(6)(2013):
697–706
Antioxidant
Activity of Methanol Extract of Tinospora crispa
and Tabernaemontana corymbosa
(Aktiviti Antioksida Ekstrak Metanol Tinospora crispa dan Tabernaemontana corymbosa)
Heida Nadia Zulkefli, Jamaludin Mohamad*
& Nurhayati Zainal Abidin
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University
of Malaya
50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 30 November 2011/Diterima: 16 Disember 2012
ABSTRACT
Tinospora crispa and Tabernaemontana corymbosa have been used
traditionally to treat fever, diabetes, rheumatism and sinusitis. The objective
of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Tinospora crispa and Tabernaemontana corymbosa. The presence of apigenin and magnoflorine was
detected using LCMS/MS in Tinospora crispa (Patawali)
whereas appararicine, voafinine, conodusarine, conodurine, voacamine and
voacangine were detected in Tabernaemontana corymbosa (Susur kelapa) methanol
extract. The stem extract of Tinospora crispa showed high antioxidant
activity in the following order: DPPH radical scavenging,
reducing power and metal chelating assay (98.8%, 0.957, 81.97%) than Tabernaemontana corymbosa of leaves (90.04%, 0.652, 69.64%), stem (82.78%, 0.819, 36.70%)
and root extracts (63.25%, 0.469, 51.56%), respectively. The high antioxidant
activity in the stem extract of Tinospora crispa is due to the presence
of apigenin and magnoflorine. The high antioxidant activity in Tabernaemontana corymbosa extract is due to its high phenol contents. There were significant
linear positive correlation (r=0.788, p<0.001, r2=0.621)
between the total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging
assay in the crude extracts of Tinospora crispa and Tabernaemontana corymbosa. Meanwhile, a significant moderate positive correlation was observed
between the total phenolic content and ferric reducing power assay (r=
0.556, p<0.05, r2= 0.309). However, there
was no significant difference in the correlation coefficient of total phenolic
content and metal chelating assay.
Keywords: Antioxidant activity; Tabernaemontana corymbosa; Tinospora crispa; total phenolic content
ABSTRAK
Tinospora crispa dan Tabernaemontana corymbosa telah
digunakan dalam perubatan tradisi untuk merawat demam, diabetik, reumatisme dan
sinusitis. Objektif kajian ini adalah
untuk menilai aktiviti antioksida dalam Tinospora crispa dan Tabernaemontana corymbosa. Kehadiran
apigenin dan magnoflorine telah dikesan menggunakan LCMS/MS di
dalam Tinospora crispa (Patawali) manakala appararicine, voafinine,
conodusarine, conodurine, voacamine dan voacangine telah dikesan di dalam Tabernaemontana corymbosa(Susur kelapa) ekstrak methanol. Ekstrak batang Tinospora
crispa menunjukkan aktiviti antioksida yang tinggi di dalam asai DPPH penyah radikal, kuasa penurun dan logam pengkelat dalam aturan
berikut (98.25%, 0.957, 81.97%) daripada ekstrak daun (90.04%, 0.652, 69.64%),
batang (82.78%, 0.819, 36.70%) dan akar (63.25%, 0.469, 51.56%) Tabernaemontana corymbosa. Aktiviti antioksida yang tinggi di dalam ekstrak batang Tinospora
crispa adalah disebabkan kehadiran apigenin dan magnoflorin. Aktiviti
antioksida yang tinggi di dalam ekstrak Ervatamia coronaria adalah
kerana kandungan fenol yang tinggi. Terdapat korelasi linear
positif yang signifikan (r=0.788, p<0.001, r2=0.621)
antara kandungan fenolik dan asai DPPH penyah radikal di dalam
ekstrak mentah Tinospora crispa danTabernaemontana corymbosa. Sementara itu,
korelasi positif sederhana yang signifikan ditunjukkan antara jumlah kandungan
fenolik dan asai kuasa penurunan ferik (r=0.556, p< 0.05, r2=0.309). Walau bagaimanapun, tiada perbezaan yang signifikan dalam
pekali kolerasi jumlah kandungan fenolik dan asai pengkelat logam.
Kata kunci: Aktiviti antioksida; Tabernaemontana corymbosa; jumlah kandungan fenolik; Tinospora
crispa
RUJUKAN
Amin, I., Zamaliah,
M.M. & Chin, W.F. 2004. Total antioxidant activity and phenolic content in
selected vegetables. Food Chemistry 87(4): 581-586.
Atta-ur-Rahman, Muzaffar, A. & Daulatabadi, N. 1985. Ervatinine, an indole alkaloid from Ervatamia coronaria. Phytochemistry 24: 2473-2474.
Baris, O., Gulluce,
M., Sahin, F., Ozer, H., Kilic, H., Ozkan, H., Sokmen, M. & Ozbek, T. 2006. Biological activities of the essential oil and
methanol extract of Achillea BiebersteiniiAfan. (Asteraceae). Turkey Journal of Biology 30: 65-73.
Blois, M.S. 1958. Antioxidant
determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181: 1199-1200.
Burkill, I.H. 1935. A Dictionary
of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula (Vol I& II). Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Agriculture and Co-Operative.
Cavin, A., Hostettmann, K., Dyatmyko, W. & Potterat,
O. 1998. Antioxidant and lipophilic constituents of Tinospora crispa. Planta Medica64:
393-396.
Da Sil Va, N.H., De Melo, A.A., Casado, M.M.C.V., Hendriques,
A.T., Wandscheer, D.C. & Da Sil Va, O.E. 1984. Indole alkaloids with potential endocrine activity. Revision
Institute of Antibiotic University Federation Pernambuco Recife 22½: 27-32.
Dhar, M.L., Dhar, M.M., Dhawan, B.N., Mehrotra, B.N.
& Ray, C. 1968. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part -
I. Indian Journal Experimental Biology 6: 232-247.
Dinis, T.C.P., Madeira, V.M.C. & Almeida, M.L.M.
1994. Action of phenolic derivates (acetoaminophen, salycilate and 5-aminosalycilate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Archives of
Biochemistry and Biophysic315: 161-169.
Diplock, A.T. 1997. Will the ‘good fairies’ please
proves to us that Vitamin E lessens human degenerative of diseases? Free
Radical Research 27: 511-532.
Gülçin, I., Berasvili, D.
& Gepdiremen, A. 2005. Antiradical
and antioxidant activity of total anthocyanins from Perilla pankinensis decne. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 101: 287-293.
Hamdan Noor & Ashcroft,
S.J.H. 1989. Antidiabetic effects of Tinospora crispa in rats. Journal
of Ethnopharmacology27(1-2): 149-161.
Hatano, T., Edamatsu,
R., Hiramatsu, M., Mori. A., Fujita, Y. & Yasuhara.
1989. Effects of interaction of tannins with coexisting substances. VI. Effects
of tannins and related polyphenols on superoxide anion radical and on DPPH
radical. Chemical Pharmacology Bulletin 37: 2016-2021.
Hisatomi, E., Matsui, M., Kobayahi, A. & Kubota, K. 2000. Antioxidative activity in the pericarp and seed of Japanese pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitumDC). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48: 4924-4928.
Hseu, Y., Chang, W., Chen, C.,
Liao, L., Huang, C., Lu, F., Chia, Y., Hsu, H., Wu, J. & Yang, H. 2008. Antioxidant activities of Toona Sinensis leaves extracts using different antioxidant models. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46:
105-114.
Hsu, Y.T. 1967. Study on the Chinese drugs used
as cancer remedy. Journal of Southeast Asian Research 3: 63-66.
Hung, T.M., Na, M., Min,
B.S., Zhang, X., Lee, I., Ngoc, T.M., Thuong, P.T., Sok, D.E. & Bae, K. 2007. Protective effect of magnoflorine isolated from coptidis rhizoma on Cu2+-induced oxidation of human low density lipoprotein. Planta Medicine 73(12):
1281-1284.
Kahkonen, M.P., Hopia,
A.I., Vuorela, H.J., Rauha,
J.P., Pihlaja, K., Kujala,
T.S. & Heinonen, M. 1999. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts
containing phenolic compounds. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry 47(10):
3954-3962.
Kim, D.O., Lee, K.W., Lee,
H.J. & Lee, C.Y. 2002. Vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity
(VCEAC) of phenolic phytochemicals. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry 50: 3713-3717.
Larson, R.A. 1988. The antioxidants of higher
plants. Phytochemistry 27: 969-978.
Markowicz Bastos,
D.H., Saldanha, L.A., Catharino,
R.R., Sawaya, A.C.H.F., Cunham,
I.B.S. & Carvalho, P.O. 2007. Phenolic antioxidants identified by ESI-MS
from Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and
green tea (Camelia sinensis)
extracts. Molecules 12: 423-432.
Meir, S., Kanner,
J., Akiri, B. & Hadas,
S.P. 1995. Determination and involvement of
aqueous reducing compounds in oxidative defense systems of various senescing
leaves. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 43: 1813.
Nascimento, M.A., Silva, A.K., França, L.C.B., Quignard, E.L.J., López, J.A. & Almeida, M.G. 2006. Turnera ulmifoliaL. (Turneraceae):
Preliminary study of its antioxidant activity. Bioresources Technology 97: 1387-1391.
Nor Aziyah,
B., Amirin, S. & Zaimi Asmawi. 2001. Effects of constituents of Tinospora crispaon
cardiovascular activity. Proceeding of NSF Workshop, Kuala Lumpur.
Oyaizu, M. 1986. Studies on products of browning reaction prepared from glucoseamine. Japan Journal of Nutrition 44:
307-314.
Perry, L. 1980. Official uses of flowering plants and ferns. In Medicinal Plants of East and Southeast Asia. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, MA.
Rackova, L., Majekova,
M., Kostalova, D. & Stefek,
M. 2004. Antiradical and antioxidant activities
of alkaloids isolated from Mahonia aquifolium. Structural aspects. Bioorganic &
Medicinal Chemistry 12(17): 4709-4715.
Rekha, G. & Veena, S. 2011.
Ameliorative effects of Tinospora cordifoliaroot extract on histopathological and biochemical changes induced by Aflatoxin-B1 in
mice kidney. Toxicology International 18(2): 94-98.
Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J., Bolwell, P.G., Bramley, P.M.
& Pridham, J.B. 1995. The relative antioxidant activities of plant derived polyphenolic flavonoids. Free Radical Research 22:
375-383.
Shahidi, F. 2000. Antioxidants in food and food
antioxidants. Nahrung 44: 158-163.
Shahidi, F. & Wanasundara, P.K.J.P.D.
1992. Phenolic antioxidants: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 32:
67-103.
Shahimi, M.M. & Mohsien, S.S. 1979. Pharmacology of Tinospora tuberculata. 2nd SE
Asian dan Western Pasific Regional Meeting of Pharmacologists, Jakarta.
Umi Kalsom, Y. & Noor, H. 1995. Flavone-O-glycosides from Tinospora crispa. Fitoterapia 66(3): 280.
Velioglu, Y.S., Mazza,
G., Gao, L. & Oomah,
B.D. 1998. Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables and grain
products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46: 4113-4117.
Yao, L.H., Jiang, Y.M., Datta, N., Singanusong, R., Liu, X., Duan,
J., Raymont, K., Lisle, A. & Xu,
Y. 2004. HPLC analyses of flavanols and phenolic acids in the fresh young shoots of tea (Camellia sinensis) grown in Australia. Food Chemistry 84(2):
253-263.
Zhao, G.R., Zhang, H.M., Ye, T.X., Xiang, Z.J., Yuan, Y.J.
& Guo, Z.X. 2008. Characterization
of the radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of danshensu and salvianolic acid B. Food and Chemical
Toxicology 46: 73-81.
Zhao, G.R., Xiang, Z.J., Ye, T.X., Yuan, Y.J. & Guo, Z.X. 2006. Antioxidant activities of Salvia miltiorrhizaand Panax notoginseng. Food Chemistry 99:
676-774.
*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: jamal@um.edu.my
|