Sains Malaysiana 42(7)(2013): 911–920

Diversity of Fusarium Species Associated with Post-harvest

Fruit Rot Disease of Tomato

(Kepelbagaian Spesies Fusarium yang Berasosiasi dengan Penyakit

Lepas Tuai Reput Buah Tomato)

A.I. Abu Bakar, M.Z. Nur Ain Izzati * & Y. Umi KAlsom

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia

43400 Serdang, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

A.I. Abu Bakar

Department of Integrated Science, School of Science Education

Federal College of Education (Technical) Bichi, P.M.B 3473, Kano State, Nigeria

Diserahkan: 16 April 2012/Diterima: 15 November 2012

ABSTRACT

Fusarium species is one of the common pathogens of post-harvest disease to cause rot on tomato and other perishable vegetable fruits. The objectives of this study were to determine the diversity of Fusarium isolated species from post-harvest diseases of tomato fruit, to identify the causal organisms by using phenotype characteristics and to verify the pathogens of Fusarium fruit of tomato based on pathogenicity test. Carnation leaf-piece agar (CLA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) media were used for phenotype-based identification of the Fusarium isolates with emphasis for characterizations of the shapes and sizes of the macroconidia and microconidia, colony features, growth rates, conidiogenous cells and chlamydospores. A total of 180 Fusarium isolates were obtained from 13 locations throughout Selangor. Fusarium solani was most abundantly isolated (34%) followed by F. semitectum (31%) and F. oxysporum (31%), F. subglutinans (3%) while the least was F. equiseti (1%). Twenty seven isolates were tested for pathogenicity test by injecting 1 mL of the conidial suspension onto healthy tomatoes. All the tested Fusarium isolates were pathogenic on tomato with different severity levels. The non-inoculated controls showed no symptoms of fruit rot. The most virulent was F. oxysporum isolate B711T with DSI 93.75%, while the least were isolates of F. solani (B647T) and F. oxysporum (B727T) with DSI 37.5%. Majority of the isolated Fusarium species can potentially produce mycotoxins as their secondary metabolites. The potential production of mycotoxins by pathogenic isolates of Fusarium species in contaminated tomato fruits could pose health hazards when consumed.

Keywords: Disease severity index; fruit; Fusarium; pathogen; post-harvest; tomato

ABSTRAK

Spesies  Fusarium  merupakan  salah  satu  patogen  biasa  lepas  tuai  yang  menyebabkan  penyakit  reput  buah  tomato,  sayuran  dan  buah  lembut  yang  lain.  Objektif  kajian  ini  adalah  untuk  mengenalpasti  kepelbagaian  spesies  Fusarium  yang dipencilkan daripada  penyakit reput lepas tuai tomato,  mengenal pasti  organisma  penyebab  berasaskan  ciri fenotip dan mengesahkan patogen penyakit reput Fusarium tomato berasaskan ujian  kepatogenan.  Agar keratan daun teluki (CLA) dan agar kentang dekstrosa (PDA) digunakan untuk pengenalpastian isolat Fusarium berasaskan ciri fenotip yang menumpukan bentuk dan saiz makrokonidia dan mikrokonidia, ciri koloni, kadar pertumbuhan, sel konidiogen dan klamidospora. Sejumlah  180  isolat  Fusarium  diperoleh  dari  13  lokasi  sekitar  Selangor.  F. solani  adalah  yang  terbanyak  dipencilkan (34%)   diikuti  oleh  F.  semitectum (31%),  F.  oxysporum  (31%),  F.  subglutinans  (3%),  di  mana  yang  paling  sedikit  adalah  F.  equiseti (1%).  Dua  puluh  tujuh  isolat  Fusarium  diuji  dalam  ujian  kepatogenan  dengan  menyuntik  1 mL  ampaian  konidia  ke  atas  tomato  sihat.  Kesemua  isolat  Fusarium  yang  diuji  adalah  patogenik  ke  atas  tomato  pada  tahap  keseriusan  yang  berbeza.  Tomato  yang  tidak  diinokulat  tidak menunjukkan sebarang simptom reput buah.  Isolat  B711T  F.  oxysporum  merupakan  isolat  yang  paling  virulen  dengan  DSI  93.75%,  sementara  yang  paling  lemah  adalah  isolat  F.  solani  (B647T)  dan  F.  oxysporum  (B727T)  dengan  DSI  37.5%.  Majoriti  spesies  Fusarium  yang  dipencilkan  berpotensi  menghasilkan  mikotoksin  sebagai  metabolit  sekunder.  Kebolehan  menghasilkan  mikotoksin oleh isolat yang patogenik  pada  buah  tomato  yang  dijangkiti  boleh  menyebabkan  keracunan  dan  masalah  kesihatan  jika  dimakan.

Kata kunci: Fusarium; indeks keseriusan penyakit; lepas tuai; patogen; penyakit reput buah; tomato

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: izzati@science.upm.edu.my