Sains Malaysiana 42(7)(2013): 949–954

Response Surface Methodology Optimization for Extraction of

Phenolics and Antioxidant Capacity in Defatted Dabai Parts

(Pengoptimuman Kaedah Sambutan Permukaan Bagi Pengekstrakan Fenolik dan Kapasiti

Antioksidan dalam Bahagian Dabai Nyah Lemak)

H-E. Khoo, A. Azlan* & A. Ismail

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, D.E. Malaysia

A. Azlan* & A. Ismail

Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, D.E. Malaysia

F. Abas

Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, D.E. Malaysia

Diserahkan: 31 Januari 2012/Diterima: 23 Januari 2013

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine the total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of defatted dabai parts based on liquid extraction and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A two-level factorial design was applied to determine the effect of two independent variables (extraction time: X₁ and % methanol: X₂) on three response variables (total phenolic content: Y1, total flavonoid/anthocyanin content: Y₂ and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity: Y₃). The optimum conditions for extraction time and percent methanol were 36 min or 1 min and 62.25% or 53% for the defatted dabai pulp or peel, respectively. The RSM optimized extraction was compared with sonication-assisted extraction. Optimization results showed that defatted dabai parts had high total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Sonication-assisted extraction utilized the optimized extraction conditions had further increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of defatted dabai peel, but not in the pulp. Therefore, optimization of different extraction methods for the defatted fruit parts is recommended for future studies.

Keywords: Antioxidant capacity; Canarium odontophyllum; response surface methodology; sonication; total phenolics

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan menentukan jumlah fenolik dan kapasiti antioksidan buah dabai nyah lemak berdasarkan prosedur pengekstrakan cecair yang dioptimumkan menggunakan kaedah sambutan permukaan (RSM). Satu reka bentuk dua-peringkat faktorial telah digunakan untuk menentukan kesan daripada dua pembolehubah bebas (masa pengeskstrakan X₁ dan % methanol: X₂) ke atas tiga pembolehubah respon (jumlah kandungan fenolik: Y₁, jumlah kandungan flavonoid/antosianin: Y₂ dan kapasiti antioksidan setara Trolox: Y₃). Keadaan optimum untuk tempoh pengekstrakan dan peratusan metanol adalah 36 min atau 1 min dan 62.25% atau 53%, masing-masing untuk isi atau kulit dabai nyahlemak. Pengekstrakan yang dioptimumkan oleh RSM telah dibandingkan dengan pengekstrakan bantuan-sonikasi.  Hasil kajian menggunakan keadaan pengekstrakan optimum menunjukkan bahawa bahagian dabai nyahlemak mengandungi jumlah kandungan fenolik dan kapasiti antioksidan yang tinggi. Pengekstrakan bantuan-sonikasi menggunakan keadaan pengekstrakan optimum didapati meningkatkan jumlah kandungan fenolik dan kapasiti antioksidan kulit dabai nyahlemak tetapi tidak bagi bahagian isinya. Oleh itu, pengoptimuman kaedah pengekstrakan yang berlainan untuk bahagian buah-buahan nyah lemak adalah dicadangkan untuk kajian masa hadapan.

Kata kunci: Canarium odontophyllum; jumlah fenolik; kaedah sambutan permukaan; kapasiti antioksidan; sonikasi

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: azrina@medic.upm.edu.my