Sains Malaysiana 43(10)(2014):
1523–1535
Molecular Mitochondrial DNA and Radiographic Approaches for
Human Archaeology Identification
(Pendekatan Molekular DNA Mitokondria
dan Radiografi untuk Pengenalpastian Arkeologi Manusia)
RUS DINA RUS DIN2, SHAHRUL HISHAM ZAINAL ARIFFIN2*, SAHIDAN SENAFI2, ROHAYA MEGAT ABDUL WAHAB1 & INTAN ZARINA ZAINOL ABIDIN2
1Department of
Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
50300
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2School of Bioscience
and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 14 Julai 2013/Diterima: 21 Februari 2014
ABSTRACT
Ancient remains are considered very valuable artefacts, as they
allow for the study of ancient cultures, phylogeny, evolution and the
reconstruction of demographic history. To obtain all the information contained
within remains, the investigation of such samples requires the expertise and
various techniques from multiple fields of study. The present review focuses on
the molecular biology and radiographic approaches used to identify ancient
samples. Studies of ancient remains face various limitations; for example, the
quality and quantity of the ancient samples can affect the difficulty of the
investigations. Due to these limitations, new sophisticated techniques are
being introduced to replace the earlier conventional techniques. A search was
conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Science Finder to provide a
new and timely review on the molecular mitochondrial DNA and radiographic
analysis for human archaeology identification. The present review has
determined that molecular biological approaches are very accurate and useful
for the use in the ancestral determination of incomplete specimens, whereas
observations of the dental pulp chamber are suitable for age at death
estimations in both adults and children. However, these techniques are
expensive and require expert personnel. Therefore, conventional approaches
remain the favourite methods of most institutions, especially in Asia.
Keywords: Ancestral and age; human archaeology; molecular
analysis; radiographic approach
ABSTRAK
Sampel purba dianggap artifak yang sangat berharga kerana ia
membolehkan kajian mengenai budaya purba, filogenetik, evolusi dan penyusunan
semula sejarah demografi. Bagi mendapatkan semua maklumat yang terkandung di
dalam tinggalan, kajian sampel tersebut memerlukan kepakaran dan pelbagai
teknik daripada pelbagai bidang kajian. Penyelidikan ini memfokus kepada
pendekatan biologi molekul dan radiografi yang digunakan untuk mengenal pasti
sampel purba. Kajian tinggalan purba berdepan dengan pelbagai batasan; sebagai
contoh, kualiti dan kuantiti sampel purba boleh memberi kesan kepada tahap
kesukaran kajian. Akibat daripada batasan ini, teknik baru yang canggih telah
diperkenalkan untuk menggantikan teknik konvensional. Pencarian telah dilakukan
menggunakan PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct dan Science Finder bagi memberikan
penilaian yang terbaru terhadap analisis molekul DNA mitokondria dan
radiografi untuk mengenal pasti arkeologi manusia. Penilaian ini mendapati
pendekatan terkini biologi molekul dalam menentukan keturunan adalah sangat
tepat dan berguna terhadap spesimen yang tidak lengkap manakala pemerhatian
bagi ruang pulpa gigi adalah sesuai untuk menganggar umur semasa kematian
terhadap kedua-dua orang dewasa dan kanak-kanak. Walau bagaimanapun, teknik
tersebut adalah mahal dan memerlukan individu pakar. Oleh itu, pendekatan
konvensional kekal sebagai kaedah yang digemari dalam kebanyakan institusi
terutamanya di Asia.
Kata kunci: Analisis molekul; arkeologi manusia;
keturunan dan umur; pendekatan radiografi
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: hisham@ukm.edu.my
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