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Production of Major Mycotoxins by Fusarium Species Isolated from Wild Grasses in Peninsular Malaysia
(Penghasilan Mikotoksin Utama
oleh Spesies Fusarium yang Dipencilkan daripada Rumput
Liar di Semenanjung Malaysia)
I.
NOR AZLIZA,
R. HAFIZI,
M. NURHAZRATI
& B. SALLEH*
School of Biological
Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden,
Penang, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 11 September
2012/Diterima: 19 April 2013
ABSTRACT
The Fusarium species are
notoriously known for causing various plants and animal diseases and producing
a number of harmful mycotoxins. The mycotoxins production by species recovered
from non-agricultural hosts such as wild grasses have hitherto never been given
attention. We examined 30 strains representing 12 Fusarium species i.e. F.
oxysporum, F. solani, F. semitectum, F. nelsonii, F. compactum, F. equiseti, F.
chlamydosporum, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans, F. sacchari, F. lateritium and F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex isolated from wild grasses in
Peninsular Malaysia for the production of four major mycotoxins i.e.
moniliformin (MON), fumonisin B1 (FB1),
zearalenone (ZEN) and beauvericin (BEA) using TLC and HPLC techniques. BEA was the highest frequency of
mycotoxin detected, followed by MON, ZEN and FB1.
This study also presented the first report of BEA production by F. solani, F. compactum and F.
chlamydosporum. All mycotoxins were not produced by F. nelsonii and F.
lateritium. All Fusarium species were isolated from asymptomatic
grasses, hence they are likely to exist as endophytes or latent pathogens.
Keywords: Fusarium;
grasses; mycotoxins; Peninsular Malaysia
ABSTRAK
Spesies Fusarium dikenali
sebagai penyebab pelbagai penyakit tumbuhan dan haiwan serta menghasilkan
beberapa mikotoksin yang berbahaya. Penghasilan mikotoksin oleh spesies yang
dipencilkan daripada perumah bukan pertanian seperti rumput liar, sehingga kini
tidak pernah diberi perhatian. Kami memeriksa 30 strain mewakili 12 spesies Fusarium iaitu F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. semitectum, F. nelsonii, F. compactum,
F. equiseti, F. chlamydosporum, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans, F. sacchari,
F. lateritium dan F. incarnatum-equiseti kompleks spesies yang
dipencilkan daripada rumput liar di Semenanjung Malaysia untuk penghasilan
empat mikotoksin utama iaitu moniliformin (MON),
fumonisin B1 (FB1),
zearalenon (ZEN) dan beauvericin (BEA) menggunakan teknik
kromatografi lapisan nipis (TLC)
dan kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi (HPLC). BEA merupakan mikotoksin yang
paling kerap dikesan, diikuti oleh MON, ZEN dan FB1.
Kajian ini juga merupakan laporan pertama penghasilan BEA oleh F. solani, F. compactum dan F. chlamydosporum.
Kesemua mikotoksin tidak dihasilkan oleh F. nelsonii dan F.
lateritium. Semua spesies Fusarium tersebut dipencilkan daripada
rumput yang tidak menunjukkan gejala penyakit, maka ia mungkin wujud sebagai endofit
atau patogen pendam.
Kata
kunci: Fusarium;
mikotoksin; rumput; Semenanjung Malaysia
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*Corresponding author; email: sallehb@usm.my
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