Sains Malaysiana 43(3)(2014):
429–435
Characterization of Residue from EFB and Kenaf Core Fibres
in the Liquefaction Process
(Pencirian Bahan Baki Hasil daripada Proses Pencecairan EFB dan Serabut Teras Kenaf)
SARANI ZAKARIA*, RASIDI ROSLAN, UMAR ADLI AMRAN, CHIN-HUA CHIA & SAIFUL BAHARI BAKARUDDIN
Pusat Pengajian Fizik Gunaan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
13 Jun 2012/Diterima: 6 Julai 2013
ABSTRACT
Different type of fibers which is EFB and KC were liquefied in
phenol with the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst. The liquefied residue
was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to determine the
functional groups presents in both residues, X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the
degree of crystallinity in the residue, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to
analyze the thermal properties of the residue and scanning electron microscope
(SEM)
to investigate the structure and morphology of the residue. Phenol-to-EFB/KC ratio
shows great effect on the amount of residue in the liquefaction process. Peak
appearance can be observed in the FTIR analysis at 810 and 750 cm-1 which is attributed to
the para and meta benzene, respectively or to be
specific its associated to the p-alkyl phenol and m-alkyl phenol. In the XRD analysis,
CrI of lignocellulosic materials increased after liquefaction process.
Liquefaction process caused chemical penetration across the grain of the fiber,
thus the fiber bundles started to separate into individual fibers shown in the SEM micrograph
and the weights lost curve for both liquefied EFB and KC experienced three
region decompositions.
Keywords: EFB; KC; lignocellulosic; liquefaction; residue
ABSTRAK
Pencecairan bahan berbeza iaitu serabut tandan
kosong kelapa sawit (EFB) dan serabut teras kenaf (KC) telah dijalankan menggunakan
fenol sebagai agen pencecairan dengan kehadiran asid sulfurik sebagai
mangkin. Pencirian
baki pencecairan dilakukan dengan menggunakan transformasi Fourier
inframerah (FTIR)
untuk menentukan kumpulan berfungsi yang hadir, pembelauan Sinar-X
(XRD)
untuk menentukan darjah kehabluran, analisis termogravimetri (TGA) untuk menganalisis
sifat terma bahan baki) dan mikroskop elektron imbasan (SEM) untuk melihat struktur
dan morfologi baki pencecairan. Nisbah fenol terhadap STKKS/TK memberikan kesan
yang besar terhadap jumlah baki yang terhasil selepas proses pencecairan.
Kemunculan puncak boleh diperhatikan dalam analisis FTIR pada 810 dan 750 cm-1 disebabkan
oleh meta dan para benzena atau lebih spesifik berkaitan p-alkil
dan m-alkil fenol. Dalam analisis XRD, darjah kehabluran bahan lignoselulosa meningkat
selepas proses pencecairan. Proses pencecairan menyebabkan penembusan
bahan kimia ke seluruh butiran serabut lalu menyebabkan
berkas serabut terpisah
kepada serabut individu
seperti yang ditunjukkan pada mikrograf SEM. Manakala lengkung kehilangan
berat untuk kedua-dua baki pencecairan STKKS dan TK mengalami tiga tahap
penguraian dengan peningkatan suhu.
Kata kunci: Baki; EFB; KC;
lignoselulosa; pencecairan
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: sarani@ukm.my
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