Sains Malaysiana 43(5)(2014): 689–695
Antioxidant
and Antiproliferative Activities of Non-Edible Parts of Selected Tropical
Fruits
(Aktiviti Antioksidan dan Antiproliferatif Bahagian Tidak Boleh Dimakan
Buah-buahan Tropika Terpilih)
WARANGKANA CHUNGLOK*1, TANYARATH
UTAIPAN1, NATHNARIN
SOMCHIT1,
MONTHON LERTCANAWANICHAKUL1& YUTTANA SUDJAROEN2
1School
of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University,
Nakhon Si Thammarat
Thailand
2Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University,
Bangkok, Thailand
Diserahkan: 2 Februari 2013/Diterima:
26 Ogos 2013
ABSTRACT
It is of interest that seeds and pericarps of tropical fruits
contain phytochemicals being the components of various biological activities
for beneficial health effects. This study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant and
anticancer activities of the methanolic extracts from seeds and pericarps of
three selected tropical fruits including Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.), Litchi (Litchi
chinensis Sonn.) and Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). Total phenolic
content was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant
capacity was evaluated based on the ability of the fruit extracts to scavenge ABTS and DPPH radicals. MTT reduction
assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining were carried out
for cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction, respectively. Total phenolic contents
of the seeds and pericarps of the tropical fruits ranged from 104.60 to 501.95
mg/g DW. All extracts were found to have significant
antioxidant activities. Among them, tamarind seed extract contained the highest
total phenolic contents and possessed the highest antioxidant capacities.
Tamarind seed extract showed the highest cytotoxicity to human mouth carcinoma
(CLS-354)
cells and had no toxicity to PBMCs. Staining with annexin V-FITC/PI showed that this apoptosis occurred early in this cell type with
10.0% of the cells undergoing apoptosis. Tamarind seed extract might have
potential anticancer activity which could be attributed, in part, to
selectively inhibit the growth of CLS-354 cells and induce
apoptosis. This research finding would be valuable information to identify
major constituents of the extracts and mechanisms underlying anticancer
activity which could be attributed to dietary health supplements or cancer
chemoprevention from fruits.
Keywords: Antioxidant capacity; antiproliferation; non-edible
parts; tropical fruits
ABSTRAK
Benih dan perikarpa buah-buahan tropika mengandungi fitokimia yang
menjadi komponen pelbagai aktiviti biologi yang berfaedah kepada kesihatan.
Kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk menilai antioksidan dan aktiviti anti-kanser
ekstrak metanolik daripada benih dan perikarpa 3 jenis buah-buahan tropika
termasuk Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.),
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) dan Asam (Tamarindus indica L.).
Jumlah kandungan fenol ditentukan melalui kaedah Folin-Ciocalteu. Kapasiti
antioksidan dinilai berdasarkan keupayaan ekstrak buah-buahan untuk menggarut ABTS dan radikal DPPH. Kesan pengurangan asai MTT dan
pewarnaan Annexin V-FITC/PI masing-masing dijalankan
untuk sitotoksisiti dan apoptosis aruhan. Jumlah kandungan fenol benih dan
perikarpa buah-buahan tropika adalah daripada 104.60 ke 501.95 mg/g DW.
Semua ekstrak didapati mengandungi aktiviti antioksidan bererti. Dalam kalangan
mereka, ekstrak biji Asam mengandungi jumlah fenol tertinggi dan mempunyai
keupayaan antioksidan tertinggi. Ekstrak biji Asam menunjukkan sitotoksisiti
yang tertinggi untuk sel karsinoma mulut manusia (CLS-354)
dan tidak mengandungi ketoksikan untuk PBMCs. Pewarnaan dengan annexin PI/V-FITC menunjukkan bahawa apoptosis berlaku awal dalam jenis sel ini
dengan 10.0% daripada sel mengalami apoptosis. Ekstrak biji Asam mungkin
mempunyai potensi aktiviti anti-kanser dengan sebahagiannya menghalang pertumbuhan
sel CLS-354 dan mendorong apoptosis. Keputusan kajian ini
akan menjadi maklumat penting untuk mengenal pasti juzuk utama ekstrak dan
mekanisme yang mendasari aktiviti anti-kanser yang disebabkan oleh suplemen
pemakanan kesihatan atau kanser kemocegahan daripada buah-buahan.
Kata kunci:
Antipercambahan; bahagian yang tidak boleh dimakan; buah-buahan tropika;
kapasiti antioksidan
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: cwarang@wu.ac.th
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