Sains Malaysiana 44(1)(2015):
67–73
A
Preliminary Study of Water Quality Index in Terengganu River Basin, Malaysia
(Kajian Awal Indeks Kualiti Air di Lembangan Sungai Terengganu,
Malaysia)
S. SURATMAN1*, M.I. MOHD SAILAN1, Y.Y. HEE1, E.A. BEDURUS1 & M.T. LATIF2
1Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti
Malaysia Terengganu
21030 Kuala Terengganu,
Terengganu, Malaysia
2School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of
Science and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 18 November 2013/Diterima: 31 Mei
2014
ABSTRACT
The Malaysian Department of Environment-Water Quality Index (DOE-WQI)
was determined for the Terengganu River basin which is located at the coastal
water of the southern South China Sea between July and October 2008. Monthly
samplings were carried out at ten sampling stations within the basin. Six
parameters listed in DOE-WQI were measured based on standard
methods: pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),
chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and ammonical
nitrogen (AN).
The results indicated the impact of various anthropogenic activities which
contribute to high values of BOD, COD, TSS and AN at middle
and downstream stations, as compared with the upstream of the basin. The
reverses were true for the pH and DO values. The DOE-WQI ranged from
71.5-94.6% (mean 86.9%), which corresponded to a classification status range
from slightly polluted to clean. With respect to the Malaysia National Water Quality Standards
(NWQS),
the level of most of the parameters measured remained at Class I which is
suitable for the sustainable conservation of the natural environment, for water
supply without treatment and as well as for very sensitive aquatic species. It
is suggested that monitoring should be carried out continuously for proper
management of this river basin.
Keywords: Anthropogenic activities; Department of Environment-Water
Quality Index; National Water Quality Standards; southern waters of South China
Sea (Malaysia); Terengganu River basin
ABSTRAK
Indeks Kualiti Air-Jabatan Alam Sekitar Malaysia
(DOE-WQI)
telah ditentukan untuk lembangan Sungai Terengganu yang terletak
di perairan selatan Laut China Selatan antara Julai dan Oktober
2008. Pensampelan bulanan telah
dilakukan di sepuluh stesen pensampelan yang terletak dalam basin
tersebut. Enam parameter yang tersenarai dalam IKA-JAS telah diukur berdasarkan kaedah piawai:
pH, keterlarutan oksigen (DO), permintaan oksigen biokimia (BOD),
permintaan oksigen kimia (COD), jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS) dan ammonia nitrogen
(AN).
Keputusan kajian menunjukkan kesan pelbagai aktiviti antropogenik
yang menyumbang kepada tingginya nilai BOD, COD, TSS dan AN di stesen yang terletak
di bahagian tengah dan hilir sungai, jika dibandingkan dengan bahagian
hulu lembangan. Keputusan yang bertentangan diperhatikan untuk nilai
pH dan DO. Julat nilai IKA-JAS
adalah daripada 71.5-94.6% (purata 86.9%) dengan julat
status klasifikasinya antara sedikit tercemar ke bersih.
Merujuk kepada Piawai Kualiti Air Kebangsaan (NWQS)
untuk Malaysia, kebanyakkan aras parameter
yang diukur berada dalam Kelas I yang sesuai untuk pemuliharaan
mampan persekitaran semula jadi, untuk bekalan air tanpa rawatan
dan untuk spesies akuatik yang sangat sensitif. Adalah
dicadangkan, pemantauan seterusnya perlu dilakukan untuk pengurusan
yang baik bagi lembangan sungai ini.
Kata kunci: Aktiviti
antropogenik; Indeks Kualiti Air-Jabatan Alam Sekitar; lembangan Sungai
Terengganu; perairan selatan Laut China Selatan (Malaysia); Piawai Kualiti Air Kebangsaan
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: miman@umt.edu.my
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