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Sains Malaysiana 44(1)(2015):
83–89
The Persistence of Deltamethrin in Malaysian Agricultural Soils (Kekekalan Deltametrin dalam Tanah Pertanian Malaysia)
B.S. ISMAIL*, M. MAZLINDA & M.A.
TAYEB
School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty
of Science and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 24 September 2013/Diterima: 24 Jun 2014
ABSTRACT
Studies on the persistence and dissipation of deltamethrin (C22H19Br2NO3)
in two types of soil, namely peat and silty clay were conducted under
laboratory conditions. The analysis was done using a gas chromatography (GC)
equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD). The dissipation
rate of deltamethrin was faster in silty clay soil than in peat soil at 25°C.
When the temperature was increased from 25 to 35°C, the half-life of
deltamethrin decreased by 32.53% in peat soil and 22.9% in the silty clay soil
in the presence of light. When the same experiment was conducted in the dark,
the decrease in the half-life of deltamethrin was 27.9% in peat soil and 22.5%
in silty clay soil. When the soil moisture content was increased from 40 to
60%, the half-life of deltamethrin decreased by 50.7 and 19.75% in peat soil
and silty clay soil, respectively. A significant degradation rate of
deltamethrin was observed in non-autoclaved soil compared with that in
autoclaved soil where the half-life was reduced by 76.05% in peat soil and
59.21% in silty clay soil. The results showed that the degradation rate of
deltamethrin in soil had a direct relationship with the microbial activity in
the soil.
Keywords: Deltamethrin; half-life; microbial activity;
persistence; soils
ABSTRAK
Kajian ke atas kekekalan dan kadar resapan
deltametrin (C22H19Br2NO3) dalam dua jenis
tanah (tanah gambut dan tanah liat berkelodak) telah dijalankan
dalam keadaan makmal. Analisis ini dilakukan
dengan menggunakan gas kromatografi (GC) dilengkapi dengan elektron
pengesan tangkapan (ECD).
Kadar resapan deltametrin adalah lebih tinggi dalam tanah liat berkelodak
daripada tanah gambut pada 25°C. Apabila suhu meningkat antara
25 hingga 35°C, separuh hayat deltametrin menurun sebanyak 32.53%
di dalam tanah gambut dan 22.9% dalam tanah liat berkelodak dengan
kehadiran cahaya. Apabila kajian yang sama dijalankan dalam keadaan
gelap, penurunan separuh hayat deltametrin adalah lebih tinggi dengan
27.9% di dalam tanah gambut dan 22.5% dalam tanah liat berkelodak.
Apabila kelembapan tanah meningkat daripada 40 kepada 60%, separuh
hayat deltametrin masing-masing menurun kepada 50.7 dan 19.75% dalam
tanah gambut dan dalam tanah liat berkelodak. Kadar penurunan deltametrin
yang ketara diperhatikan di dalam tanah bukan autoklaf berbanding
tanah autoklaf dengan separuh hayat telah dikurangkan kepada 76.05%
di dalam tanah gambut dan 59.21% dalam tanah liat berkelodak. Hasil
kajian menunjukkan bahawa kadar penguraian deltametrin dalam tanah mempunyai hubungan
yang kukuh dengan aktiviti mikrob di dalam tanah.
Kata kunci: Aktiviti mikrob; deltametrin; kekekalan;
separuh hayat; tanah RUJUKAN
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: ismail@ukm.edu.my
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