Sains Malaysiana 44(2)(2015): 249–256

The Effects of Orthodontic Forces during Canine Retraction Using Self-ligating Brackets on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Enzyme Activity, Canine Movement and Root Resorption

(Kesan Daya Ortodontik semasa Retraksi Gigi Kanin Menggunakan Braket Swa-Peligaturan

ke atas Aktiviti Enzim Cecair Krevis Gingiva, Pergerakan Gigi dan Penyerapan Akar)

ROHAYA MEGAT ABDUL WAHAB¹*, ZULHAM YAMAMOTO², ALBIRA SINTIAN¹, NURFATHIHA ABU KASIM², INTAN ZARINA ZAINOL ABIDIN², SAHIDAN SENAFI², ZAIDAH ZAINAL ARIFFIN^{3, 4} & SHAHRUL HISHAM ZAINAL ARIFFIN²

¹Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

³School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA

40450 Shah Alam, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

⁴Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 18 April 2014/Diterima: 4 Ogos 2014

ABSTRACT

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were studied as biomarkers of canine movement. Root resorption was also evaluated in canines subjected to the orthodontic forces. Nineteen subjects randomly received 100 and 150 g force using self-ligating brackets (SLB) either on the right or left site of maxillary arch. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected at distal sites of canines for five consecutive weeks. The activities of ALP, TRAP and AST were assayed and measured spectrophotometrically. Canine movement was measured for five consecutive weeks while root resorption was monitored at baseline, week 0 and week 5 using periapical radiographs. In 100 g group, TRAP activity significantly increased in week 3-5 when compared to TRAP baseline activity. However, ALP and AST activities slightly increased. In 150 g group, ALP and TRAP activities slightly increased when compared with their baseline activities. However, AST significantly increased in week 5. Canine movement and root resorption were not significantly different (p<0.05) in both groups. A force of 100 and 150 g slightly increased the bone modeling process and resulted in similar canine movement and root resorption. Therefore, 100 g force could be an optimum force for canine retraction and is preferable (compared with 150 g force) in canine retraction using SLB.

Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; biomarker; self-ligating bracket; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; tooth movement

ABSTRAK

Aktiviti alkalin fosfatase (ALP), asid fosfatase rintang tartarat (TRAP) dan aspartat aminotransferase (AST) telah dikaji sebagai penanda biologi bagi pergerakan gigi kanin. Penyerapan akar juga dinilai pada gigi kanin yang dikenakan daya ortodontik. Sembilan belas subjek secara rawak menerima daya 100 dan 150 g menggunakan braket swa-peligaturan (SLB) samada pada kanan atau kiri lengkung rahang atas. Sampel cecair krevis gingiva (GCF) dikumpul daripada tapak distal gigi kanin selama 5 minggu berturut-turut. Aktiviti ALP, TRAP dan AST diasai dan diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer. Pergerakan gigi kanin diukur setiap minggu selama 5 minggu, manakala penyerapan akar diperhatikan pada sebelum rawatan, minggu 0 dan minggu 5 menggunakan radiograf periapikal. Bagi kumpulan 100 g, aktiviti TRAP meningkat secara signifikan pada minggu 3-5 apabila dibandingkan dengan aktiviti TRAP sebelum rawatan. Namun, aktiviti ALP dan AST hanya mengalami sedikit peningkatan. Bagi kumpulan 150 g pula, aktiviti ALP dan TRAP meningkat sedikit apabila dibandingkan dengan aktiviti masing-masing sebelum rawatan. Walau bagaimanapun, aktiviti AST didapati meningkat secara signifikan pada minggu ke-5. Pergerakan dan penyerapan akar gigi kanin didapati tidak berbeza secara signifikan (p<0.005) bagi kedua-kedua kumpulan. Daya 100 dan 150 g hanya menyebabkan sedikit peningkatan dalam proses pembentukan tulang dan seterusnya menghasilkan pergerakan dan penyerapan akar gigi kanin yang sama. Oleh itu, daya 100 g boleh menjadi daya optimum untuk retraksi gigi kanin dan lebih menjadi pilihan (berbanding daya 150 g) dalam retraksi gigi kanin menggunakan SLB.

Kata kunci: Alkalin fosfatase; asid fosfatase rintang tartarat; aspartat aminotransferase; braket swa-peligaturan; penanda biologi; pergerakan gigi

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: rohaya_megat@.ukm.edu.my