Sains Malaysiana 44(8)(2015): 1111–1118

 

Evaluation of Growth Performance in Cyclically Mated Populations of Malaysian Giant Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, in Malaysia

(Penilaian Prestasi Tumbesaran secara Klinikal Populasi Ternakan Udang Galah Malaysia,

Macrobrachium rosenbergii, di Malaysia)

 

MOHAMED OMER ELSHEIKH1,2, MOHD FARIDUDDIN BIN OTHMAN3, GOLAM FARUQ1,

IHLAM IBRAHIM EID1 & SUBHA BHASSU4*

 

1Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science

University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

2Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Animal production, University of Gezira, P.O. Box 20, Wad Medani, Sudan

 

3National Prawn Fry Production and Research Centre, FRI, Department of Fisheries, Kampung Pulau Sayak, 08500 Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia

 

4Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Research Management and Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 9 Disember 2014/Diterima: 7 April 2015

 

ABSTRACT

Malaysian giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879), is an important crustacean aquaculture candidate globally cultured chiefly in hot climates and seasonally in temperate zones. Although the first hatchery for artificial production of the species was established in Malaysia in 1984, however, its genetic improvement program has just started recently. This study was executed as a part of this improvement project to evaluate morphometric growth related traits of four populations collected from the Western Coast of Peninsular Malaysia and their progenies. The results of the study disclosed significant differences among these populations for all traits that were considered; with Kedah population showing significant (p<.05) superiority over the rest. Within the eight successfully cohort progeny families produced, Kedah progeny group was the heaviest at the same level of significance as that of parental groups. Fixed effects of family, sex and their interactions showed high significance (p<.0001). Estimated heritability values for the traits mentioned above were moderate to high; i.e. 0.5788±0.2989, 0.5156±0.2753, 0.4277±0.2407 and 0.5120±0.2739 for weight, total length, tail length and carapace length, respectively. All mentioned results encourage us to un-hesitantly recommend selection for these traits in future genetic improvement of this species.

 

Keywords: Cyclical mating; heritability; Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Malaysian giant prawn; quantitative traits

 

ABSTRAK

Udang galah Malaysia, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879), adalah species krustasea yang utama dalam akuakultur di peringkat global yang diternak terutamanya di kawasan iklim panas dan musim zon sederhana. Pusat penetasan pertama untuk spesies ini telah ditubuhkan di Malaysia pada tahun 1984, walau bagaimanapun, program penambahbaikan genetiknya baru sahaja dimulakan pada tahun 2009. Kajian yang dilakukan adalah sebahagian daripada projek penambahbaikan untuk menilai perkembangan berkaitan dengan sifat-sifat morfometri daripada empat populasi yang dikumpul dari pesisir pantai Barat Semenanjung Malaysia serta baka mereka. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dalam kalangan populasi bagi semua sifat-sifat yang telah dibincangkan; dengan populasi dari Kedah menunjukkan signifikan (p<.0001) kelebihan berbanding yang lain. Antara lapan kelompok keturunan keluarga yang berjaya dihasilkan, sekumpulan progeni dari kedah adalah yang paling berat dengan tahap yang sama signifikan dengan induk. Anggaran nilai perwarisan untuk sifat-sifat yang disebutkan adalah dari sederhana ke tinggi; iaitu 0.5788±0.2989, 0.5156±0.2753, 0.4277±0.2407 dan 0.5120±0.2739 masing-masing untuk berat badan, jumlah panjang, panjang ekor dan panjang karapas. Perbezaan sifat yang signifikan yang dianggarkan dalam kalangan populasi induk dan kesan yang tetap antara sumber keluarga yang signifikannya tinggi serta kewarisan yang dianggarkan dari sederhana ke tinggi dalam penyelidikan tentang sifat, mendorong kita untuk tidak ragu-ragu mencadangkan pilihan mereka untuk penambahbaikan genetik spesies ini.

 

Kata kunci: Keterwarisan; kitaran pengawanan; Macrobrachium rosenbergii; sifat kuantitatif; udang galah Malaysia

RUJUKAN

 

Annual Fisheries Statistics. 2013. Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia. http://www.dof.gov.my/home. Accessed on 20th October 2014.

Arthur, J.R., Hurwood, D., Lovell, E.R., Bondad-Reantaso, M.G. & Mather, P.B. 2004. Pathogen and Ecological Risk Analysis for the Introduction of Giant River Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, from Fiji to the Cook Islands. A consultancy report prepared for the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia, under Contract Pro 7/54/8. August 2004.

Barki, A., Karplus, I. & Goren, M. 1992. Effects of size and morphotype on dominance hierarchies and resource competition in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Animal Behavior 44: 547-555.

Benzie, J.A.H., Kenway, M. & Trott, L. 1997. Estimates for the heritability of size in juvenile Penaeus monodon prawns from half-sib matings. Aquaculture 152: 49-53.

Bhassu, S. 2009. Role of genetics on the improvement of freshwater aquaculture via molecular, population and quantitative approaches in Malaysia. Proceeding of Asian- Pacific Aquaculture 2009, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Chenette, C.G. & Frahm, R.R. 1981. A comparison of different age-of-dam and sex correction factors for birth, weaning and yearling weights in beef cattle. Animal Science Research Report. p. 23.

Dalton, D.C. 1980. An Introduction to Practical Animal Breeding. 2nd ed. Collins, London: Blackwell Science Ltd. p 54.

Dinh, H. & Nguyen, H.N. 2014. Genetic inheritance of female and male morphotypes in giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Plos One 9: 1-13.

Dinh, H., Nguyen, H.N., Ponzoni, R.W., David, A.H. & Mather, P.B. 2013. Quantitative genetic parameter estimates for body and carcass traits in a cultured stock of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) selected for harvest weight in Vietnam. Aquaculture 404: 122-129.

Eknath, A.E., Bentsen, H.B., Ponzoni, R.W., Rye, M., Nguyen, N.H., Thodesen, J. & Gjerde, B. 2007. Genetic improvement of farmed tilapias: Composition and genetic parameters of a synthetic base population of Oreochromis niloticus for selective breeding. Aquaculture 273: 1-14.

Falconer, D.S., Mackay, T.F. & Frankham, R. 1996. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. 4th ed. Essex, England: Pearsons Education Limited.

Field, A.P. 2009. Discovering statistics using SPSS: (and sex and drugs and rock’n’roll). Introducing Statistical Methods. London, England: SAGE publications. p. 532.

Gjedrem, T. 2005. Selection and Breeding Programs in Aquaculture. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer. p. 364.

Kitcharoen, N., Rungsin, W., Koonawootrittriron, S. & Na- Nakorn, U. 2012. Heritability for growth traits in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Mann 1879) based on best linear unbiased prediction methodology. Aquaculture Research 43(1): 19-25.

Kitcharoen, N., Koonawootrittiron, S. & Na-Nakorn, U. 2010. Selection of brooders from early maturing freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) results in faster growth rates of offspring than in those selected from late maturing prawns. Aquaculture 306: 362-364.

Kuris, A.M., Ra’anan, Z., Sagi, A. & Cohen, D. 1987. Morphotypic differentiation of male Malaysian giant Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Journal of Crusctacean Biology 7: 219-237.

Luan, S., Yang, G., Wang, J., Luo, K., Zhang, Y., Gao, Q., Hu, H. & Kong, J. 2012. Genetic parameters and response to selection for harvest body weight of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture 362: 88-96.

Mahapatra, K., Jana, R.K., Saha, J.N., Gjerde, B. & Sarangi, N. 2006. Lessons from the breeding program of Rohu. In Development of Aquatic Animal Genetic Improvement and Dissemination Programs: Current Status and Action Plans, edited by Ponzoni, R.W., Acosta, B.O. & Ponniah, A.G. WorldFish Center Conferences Proceedings 73: 34-40.

Mather, P.B. & De Bruyn, M. 2003. Genetic diversity in wild stocks of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii): Implications for aquaculture and conservation. NAGA, WorldFish Center Quarterly 26: 4-7.

Munasinghe, D.H.N. & Thushari, G.G.N. 2010. Analysis of morphological variation of four populations of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man, 1879) (Crustacea: Decapoda) in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences) 39: 53-60.

New, M.B., Tidwell, J.H., D’Abramo, L.R. & Kutty, M.N. 2009. Freshwater Prawns: Biology and Farming. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.

Nguyen, N.H., Khaw, H.L., Ponzoni, R.W., Hamzah, A. & Kamaruzzaman, N. 2007. Can sexual dimorphism and body shape be altered in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by genetic means? Aquaculture 272(Suppl. 1): S38-S46.

Nugroho, E., Sugana, K. & Maskur, M. 2005. Genetic improvement of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Indonesia., SEAFDEC/AQD Institutional Repository (SAIR). http://hdl. handle.net/10862/673.

Pillai, R.B., Mahapatra, K.D., Ponzoni, R.W., Sahoo, L., Lalrinsanga, P.L., Nguyen, H.N., Mohanty, S., Sahu, S., Vijaykumar, S., Sahu, S., Khaw, L.H., Patra, G., Patnaik, S.A. & Rath, C.S. 2011. Genetic evaluation of a complete diallel cross involving three populations of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) from different geographical regions of India. Aquaculture 319: 347-354.

Pirchner, F. 1983. Population genetics in animal breeding. Springer Science and Fiction Series. Library of Congress Cataloing in publication data. QH 455.P5613. p.132.

Ponzoni, R.W., Nguyen, N.H., Khaw, H.L. & Rodriguez Jr, B.M. 2012. Considerations about effective dissemination of improved fish strains. WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia. Working Paper: 2012-47.

Ponzoni, R.W., Hamzah, A., Saadiah, T. & Kamaruzzaman, N. 2005. Genetic parameters and response to selection for live weight in the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture 247: 203-210.

Quinton, C.D., McMillan, I. & Glebe, B.D. 2005. Development of an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) genetic improvement program: Genetic parameters of harvest body weight and carcass quality traits estimated with animal models. Aquaculture 247: 211-217.

Ra’anan, Z. & Sagi, A. 1985. Alternative mating strategies in male morphotypes of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man). Biological Bulletin 169: 592-601.

Sagi, A., Milner, Y. & Cohen, D. 1988. Spermatogenesis and sperm storage in the testes of the behaviorally distinctive male morphotypes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Decapoda, Palaemonidae). The Biological Bulletin 174(3): 330-336.

SAS Institute Inc. 2012. What’s New in SAS® 9.3? Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Sethi, S.N., Ram, N. & Venkatesan, V. 2013. Morphometric relationships of the monkey river prawn Macrobrachium lar (Fabricius, 1798) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from the Andaman Islands. Indian Journal of Fisheries 60: 157-162.

Sun, M.M., Huang, J.H., Jiang, S.G., Yang, Q.B., Zhou, F.L., Zhu, C.Y., Yang, L. & Su, T.F. 2013. Estimates of heritability and genetic correlations for growth-related traits in the tiger prawn Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture Research 46(6): 1363-1368.

Thanh, N.M., Nguyen, N.H., Ponzoni, R.W., Vu, N.T., Barnes, A.C. & Mather, P.B. 2010. Estimates of strain additive and non-additive genetic effects for growth traits in a diallel cross of three strains of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in Vietnam. Aquaculture 299(1): 30-36.

Thanh, N.M., Ponzoni, R.W., Nguyen, N.H., Vu, N.T., Barnes, A. & Mather, P.B. 2009. Evaluation of growth performance in a diallel cross of three strains of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in Vietnam. Aquaculture 287(1): 75-83.

 

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: subhabhassu@um.edu.my

 

 

 

sebelumnya