Sains Malaysiana 44(8)(2015): 1137–1143
Aloe
Emodin Induces Apoptosis in ER+-breast Cancer Cells; MCF-7
through IGF-1R Signalling Pathway
(Aloe Emodin Mengaruh Apoptosis dalam Sel Kanser
Payu Dara ER+; MCF-7
melalui Tapak
Jalan Pengisyaratan IGF-1R)
INDAH
MOHD
AMIN1,5, ROZIANA KAMALUDIN1,
SWEE
KEONG
YEAP7,
MOHAMAD
RODI
ISA4,
NIK MOHD
MAZUAN
NIK
MOHD
ROSDY6,
ROSFAIIZAH
SIRAN3,
SITI
HAMIMAH
SHEIKH
ABDUL
KADIR1,2
& NARIMAH ABDUL HAMID
HASANI2*
1Institute for Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of
Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM),
Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh,
Selangor Darul Ehsan
Malaysia
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Sungai Buloh Campus
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM),
Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh,
Selangor Darul Ehsan
Malaysia
3Department of Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti
Teknologi MARA (UiTM),
Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
4Population Health and Preventive
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh
Campus
Universiti Teknologi
MARA (UiTM), Jalan
Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor
Darul Ehsan
Malaysia
5Centre of Preclinical Sciences Studies,
Faculty of Dentistry, Sungai Buloh Campus,
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai
Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan
Malaysia
6Centre of Oral and Maxillofacial
Diagnostic and Medicine Studies, Faculty of Dentistry,
Sungai Buloh
Campus, Universiti Teknologi
MARA (UiTM), Jalan
Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
7Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang,
Selangor Darul Ehsan
Malaysia
Diserahkan: 16 September 2014/Diterima: 6 April 2015
ABSTRACT
Two-third of breast cancer
patients expressed estrogen receptors (ER)s
and received endocrine treatment with established anti-estrogens
such as tamoxifen. But the action and acquired resistance during
treatment are largely unknown. In contrary, phytochemicals are more
selective and less cytotoxic to normal cells. Accordingly, we found
aloe emodin, an anthraquinone to inhibit the proliferation of ER+-breast
cancer cells, MCF-7 with IC50 of
80μM, but not affecting control breast cells, MCF-10A.
Tamoxifen was non-selective to both cells with IC50 of
27 μM and 38 μM,
respectively. Thus, we aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative
mechanism of aloe emodin on MCF-7 and its underlying signalling compared to tamoxifen. Cells were treated separately
with aloe emodin and tamoxifen at respective
IC50 for
72 h. Apoptosis was determined using Annexin
V-FITC/PI
staining. The expression of insulin-like growth factor-1
receptor (IGF-1R),
insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-2
and B-raf gene was investigated using
QuantiGene 2.0 Plex assay. Paired-student
t-test and ANOVA test were used to compare between
untreated and treated cells on the measured parameters. Each treatment
was conducted in triplicate and repeated three times. Significance
was set at p<0.05.
The presences of early and late apoptosis in MCF-7
were seen in both treatments. All target genes were down regulated.
The anti-proliferation effect of aloe emodin
on MCF-7
is similar with tamoxifen which mediates inhibition of IGF-1R signalling pathway. This suggests aloe emodin
as a potential anti-cancer agent to be used in combined anti-estrogen
therapy to enhance its efficacy in ER+-breast
cancer treatment.
Keywords: Aloe emodin; apoptosis; IGF-1R; MCF-7
ABSTRAK
Dua-pertiga pesakit kanser
payu dara mengekspresi reseptor estrogen (RE)
dan menerima
rawatan endokrin dengan anti-estrogen seperti tamoksifen. Tetapi, tindakan
dan kerentanan
perolehan terhadap rawatan ini masih
belum difahami.
Sebaliknya, fito-kimia didapati lebih selektif dan kurang memberi
kesan toksik
kepada sel normal. Selanjutnya, kajian kami mendapati aloe emodin, sejenis antrakuinon berjaya merencat proliferasi sel kanser payu
dara ER+,
MCF-7
dengan IC50 80μM,
tanpa memberi
kesan toksik kepada
sel payu dara normal, MCF-10A. Sebaliknya, tamoksifen adalah tidak selektif kepada kedua-dua sel dengan IC50 masing-masing 27 dan 38 μM. Oleh itu, penyelidikan
ini dijalankan
untuk mengkaji mekanisme anti-proliferasi dan laluan pengisyaratan
transduksi aloe emodin
terhadap MCF-7 berbanding
dengan tamoksifen.
Sel diaruhkan dengan aloe emodin dan tamoksifen
secara berasingan
pada IC50 selama 72 jam. Apoptosis ditentukan dengan ujian Annexin V-FITC/PI pewarnaan. Pengekspresan gen-gen faktor tumbesaran-1 reseptor (IGF-1R) seperti-insulin,
faktor tumbesaran
pengikat protein (IGFBP)-2 seperti-insulin
dan B-raf ditentukan menggunakan asai Plex QuantiGene
2.0. Ujian-T pelajar-berpasangan dan ANOVA digunakan
untuk membandingkan
antara parameter sel teraruh dan kawalan.
Setiap
perlakuan dijalankan sebanyak tiga kali dan diulang tiga
kali. Tahap signifikan ditetapkan
pada p<0.05.
Tanda-tanda awal dan akhir apoptosis di MCF-7 diperhatikan
pada kedua-dua
aruhan. Ketiga-tiga gen diekspreskan kurang daripada paras normal. Kesan anti-proliferasi aloe emodin terhadap MCF-7 adalah
bersamaan dengan
tamoksifen iaitu melalui perencatan tapak jalan pengisyaratan
tranduksi IGF-1R. Kajian ini mencadangkan aloe emodin berpotensi sebagai agen anti-kanser yang boleh digunakan sebagai rawatan gabungan dengan terapi anti-estrogen yang
sedia ada, bertujuan
untuk meningkatkan
efikasi rawatan tersebut.
Kata kunci: Aloe emodin;
apoptosis; IGF-1R; MCF-7
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat;
email: drnarimah@salam.uitm.edu.my
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