Sains Malaysiana 45(10)(2016):
1497–1507
Foliar Boron Spray for Improved Yield,
Oil Quality and Water Use Efficiency in Water Stressed Sunflower
(Semburan Boron Daun untuk Hasil yang Lebih
Baik, Kualiti Minyak dan Kecekapan Penggunaan Air dalam Bunga
Matahari Bertekanan Air)
MUHAMMAD ASIF
SHEHZAD1*,
MUHAMMAD
MAQSOOD1,
TASAWER
ABBAS1
& NAVEED
AHMAD2
1Department of Agronomy, University
of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
2Edible Fats & Oils Laboratory,
NIFSAT, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
Diserahkan: 12 Mei 2015/Diterima:
10 Mac 2016
ABSTRACT
Boron (B) is a mineral considered
essential for improving sunflower (Helianthus
annuus L.) resistance to drought. B supplements (0, 15-,
30- and 45 mg L-1)
under well-watered and variable water deficit levels (64 and
53 mm irrigation depths) were evaluated for their effects on
growth, oil quality and water use efficiency (WUE) in a field study for two consecutive years (i.e. 2011
and 2012). The duration of 50% inflorescence emergence, 50%
flowering and 50% maturity stages were reduced with increasing
moisture stress. All B application rates improved sunflower
growth compared to no B control treatment. The moisture deficit
treatments of 64 and 53 mm irrigation depths significantly (p<0.05)
reduced the yield-related components. Achenes/head, achenes
weight and achene yield under water stress conditions were considerably
improved by foliar application of B at 30 mg L-1.
An increase in protein contents and a decrease in oil contents
were observed with B foliar application under moisture deficit
treatments. Foliar application of B (30 mg L-1) on water stressed plants also
resulted in increased WUE. The highest net benefits were achieved
with B concentration of 30 mg L-1 under
well-watered and mild deficit water level of 64 mm irrigation
depth. The highest application rate of B (45 mg L-1)
gave the best results at the most severe water deficit level.
In conclusion, the B rates of 30 and 41 mg L-1 performed
best for improving drought tolerance in terms of higher sunflower
productivity under mild and higher water deficit conditions.
Keywords: Boron; fatty acids;
Helianthus annuus; water deficit; water use efficiency
ABSTRAK
Boron (B) adalah mineral yang
dianggap penting bagi meningkatkan rintangan bunga matahari
(Helianthus
annuus L.) kepada kemarau. B tambahan (0, 15, 30 dan 45 mg
L-1)
paras defisit air baik dan berubah-ubah (64 dan 53 mm kedalaman
pengairan) telah dinilai untuk melihat kesannya terhadap pertumbuhan,
kualiti minyak dan kecekapan penggunaan air (WUE) dalam kajian lapangan selama dua
tahun berturut-turut (2011 dan 2012). Peringkat tempoh 50% kemunculan
perbungaan, 50% perbungaan dan 50% matang telah dikurangkan
dengan meningkatkan tekanan lembapan. Semua kadar penggunaan
B meningkatkan pertumbuhan bunga matahari berbanding rawatan
tanpa kawalan B. Rawatan kekurangan lembapan dengan kedalaman
pengairan 64 dan 53 mm (p<0.05) dengan ketaranya mengurangkan
hasil berkaitan komponen. Aken/kepala, berat aken dan hasil
aken dalam keadaan bertekanan air telah bertambah baik dengan
penggunaan daun B pada 30 mg L-1. Peningkatan kandungan protein dan penurunan kandungan
minyak diperhatikan dengan penggunaan daun B pada rawatan defisit
lembapan. Penggunaan daun B (30 mg L-1) pada tumbuh-tumbuhan
bertekanan air telah meningkatkan WUE. Faedah bersih tertinggi dicapai
dengan kepekatan B 30 mg L-1 dengan
paras air baik dan sederhana defisit pada kedalaman saliran
64 mm. Kadar aplikasi tertinggi B (45 mg L-1) memberikan hasil terbaik
pada peringkat defisit air paling teruk. Kesimpulannya, kadar
B pada 30 dan 41 mg L-1 adalah
terbaik untuk memperbaiki toleransi kemarau daripada segi produktiviti
bunga matahari dalam keadaan defisit air sederhana dan tinggi.
Kata kunci: Asid lemak; boron; defisit air; Helianthus annuus;
kecekapan penggunaan air
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